PP Exam 12 Flashcards
What is the proper order (from most to least) of these cities by population according to the 2000 US Census?
1)Philadelphia, Pa.
2)Houston, Tex.
3)Los Angeles, Calif.
4)New York, N.Y.
5)Chicago, Ill.
A)
1,2,4,3,5
B)
4,3,5,1,2
C)
4,3,5,2,1
D)
4,5,3,2,1
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C(4,3,5,2,1 ).
According to the 2000 census, the largest five cities in the US are:
1)New York, N.Y. 8,008,278,
2) Los Angeles, Calif. 3,694,820
3)Chicago, Ill. 2,896,016
4)Houston, Tex. 1,953,631
5)Philadelphia, Pa. 1,517,550
Source: http://www.infoplease.com
What is the mean of the following data set?
2,2,2,4,4,5,6,6,7,8
A)
4.6
B)
2
C)
4.5
D)
45
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A(4.6).
The mean, often referred to as the average, is 1 of 3 types of measures of central tendency. The mean is calculated by dividing the sum of the observations, by the number of observations. In this example, the sum is 46, divided by 10 observations is 4.6. For datasets that are extremely skewed, be wary of using this method to calculate the midpoint of your data.
Source: Terry Sincich, Statistics By Example, MacMillan Publishing, 1993.
According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), there are different roadway levels of service, which service level can be described as “free flow, high operating speed with no delays”?
A)
A
B)
B
C)
C
D)
D
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A(A).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level A is free flow, high operating speed with no delays.
Which of the following cases deals with the Supreme Court finding that there was no taking because the government did not deny the landowners of all economically viable use of their land?
A)
Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co.
B)
Agins v. City of Geneva
C)
Agins v. City of Tiburon
D)
Berman v. Parker
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C(Agins v. City of Tiburon).
Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980).
The Court rejected a takings challenge to the zoning ordinances that allowed the claimants to build between one and five homes on their five-acre parcel. Because the landowners had not submitted development plans as permitted by the ordinances.
The Court concluded that there was no concrete controversy regarding the application of the ordinances to the land. The Court also held that there was no facial taking because the ordinances did not deny the landowners of all economically viable use of the land and substantially advanced the State’s legitimate interest in preserving open space.
Source:http://www.communityrights.org
According to the Federal Highway Administration’s “Concepts, Criteria, and Procedures”, minor arterials can be described as…
A)
providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the major roads
B)
providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas
C)
providing direct access to adjacent land uses and larger roads
D)
serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access.
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A(providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the major roads ).
Source:”Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Minor Arterials can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the Principal arterials.
According to the US Census, what can be described as the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates 100-percent data?
A)
Census Tract
B)
Census Block
C)
Census
D)
None of the above
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B(Census Block).
According to the US Census, a Census block is a subdivision of a census tract. A Census block is the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates 100-percent data. Blocks may correspond to individual city blocks bounded by the streets, but blocks may also include many square miles and may have some boundaries that are not streets. The Census Bureau established blocks covering the entire nation for the first time in 1990. Previous censuses back to 1940 had blocks established only for parts of the nation. In Census 2000, over 8 million blocks were identified. Source:http://www.census.gov
In an energy efficient home, one may find that they have a water system that is a gravity feed system, approximately how many feet should the water storage be above the point of use?
A)
the same level
B)
20 feet
C)
50 feet
D)
70 feet
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D(70 feet).
A smaller well pump will generally use less electricity because the electrical surge of starting the motor is smaller. Consider gravity feed for pressure where applicable. For a gravity feed system, the water storage must be at least 70 feet above the point of use, and be insulated from freezing where this may occur. Source:http://www.planetarysystems.com
The 1949 Housing Act was …
A) the first comprehensive housing legislation
B) designed to have a goal to construct 800,000 residential units
C) known as the Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill
D) created to put money into loans for low cost housing.
A)
A only
B)
B only
C)
A,B,C
D)
All of the above
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C(A,B,C).
The 1949 Housing Act is also known as the Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill. It was also the first U.S. comprehensive housing legislation and it was aimed to construct about 800,000 units. This Act also inaugurated the urban redevelopment program.
Source: www.planning.org
In 1981, the U.S. Department of Transportation recommended that metropolitan regions be developed into a series of centers to provide focal points for regional and subregional transit service. This concept was called ________________.
A)
Uni-Functional
B)
Polycentric
C)
Transit Oriented Development
D)
Regional Planning
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B(Polycentric).
In 1981, the U.S. Department of Transportation recommended that metropolitan regions be developed into a series of centers to provide focal points for regional and subregional transit service. This concept was called polycentric. Since this was recommended, dozens of cities have used this concept, including Toronto, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
Source: Planning Magazine, June 2005, “ The Heart of the Matter” by Rodney E. Engelen, AICP.
Potable water can be described as which of the options below?
A)
suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations
B)
water that is not suitable for drinking or cooking purposes
C)
water that is treated with chemicals and used in “port-o-lets”
D)
None of the above
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A(suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations ).
Potable Water can be defined as being suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations. Source: http://www.epa.gov
Charles Mulford Robinson and George E. Kessler were involved in which city’s park and parkway system design in 1906 and 1907?
A)
Niagara Falls
B)
Miami
C)
Denver
D)
Chicago
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C(Denver).
Denver’s parks system is based upon a 1906 plan that was done by Charles Mulford Robinson and a 1907 map by George E. Kessler.
It was called a “windmill plan” and was based on the city’s grid system. It also took advantage of the water resources available as well as the mountain backdrop. It was implemented over 20 years.
Today, there are more than 4,000 acres of city parks within city limits.
In 1986, 15 Denver Parks and 16 parkways were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Source: APA Planning Magazine, March 2003, “National Planning Landmarks and Pioneers” by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP page 24.
What Act requires an environmental impact statement for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment?
A)
The Clean Air Act 1970
B)
The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act
C)
The 1968 National Environmental Protection Policy Act
D)
The Soil Conservation Act of 1935
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B(The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act).
The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act requires an “environmental impact statement” for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment.
Source:www.planning.org
Tahoe Sierra Preservation Council v. TRPA (2002) dealt with the issue of….?
A)
an easement given for a multi-purpose trail to be constructed
B)
the flooding of people’s property by the government
C)
whether or not a temporary moratorium on land development constitutes a taking of property
D)
All of the above
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C(whether or not a temporary moratorium on land development constitutes a taking of property).
Source, Illinois Planning News, Summer 2002, “U.S. Supreme Court Decision: A Solid Win for Planning”, page 10. APA Press Release - Washington, The US Supreme Court, in a 6-3 decision, provided a solid win for the planning process in the case of Tahoe Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA). The court found that the use of moratoria, in this case, as part of the planning process does not constitute taking of property requiring compensation to the landowner. Rather than forcing landowners and planning officials to rush through the development process, the Court’s decision affirmed the need for communities to take the necessary time to think things through before beginning construction.
What type of land use can be described as those that are allowed only if they are incidental to the principle use?
A)
Special Use
B)
Principle
C)
Accessory
D)
Nonconforming
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C(Accessory).
There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below. 1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right. 2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use. 3)Secial uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.
This administration was created in 1935 by President Roosevelt and created three greenbelt towns.
A)
Planning Administration
B)
Resettlement Administration
C)
Greenbelt Administration
D)
Affordable Housing Administration
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B(Resettlement Administration).
Following the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent economic depression, there was great demand both for affordable housing and employment for workers who had lost their jobs. In response the Resettlement Administration, created in 1935 by President Roosevelt, brought about a total of three greenbelt towns: Greenbelt, Maryland; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greendale, Wisconsin. These towns contained many of the elements of the Garden City Movement developments, including the use of superblocks and a “greenbelt” of undeveloped land surrounding the community.
What city had the first US Skyscraper build in 1885?
A)
New York, NY
B)
Boston, Mass
C)
Chicago, IL
D)
Philadelphia, Pa
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C(Chicago, IL).
According to www.infoplease.com, the first Skyscraper was in Chicago, Ill. in 1885.
Source:http://www.infoplease.com.
However, there have been many emails from Planning Prep members about this. Further research shows that some have broadened the “first” to be one of two, and another actually adds a possible third.
The following is a brief summary of our research:
Most narrow it down to two buildings - the Home Insurance Building built in Chicago and the Woolworth Building in New York. Some choose the Home Insurance building. Completed in 1885, it is only ten stories tall. There were several buildings in Chicago at the time that were taller, but the Home building was the first to employ what is considered the missing link between buildings that were merely tall, and skyscrapers that used the steel frame structure. The Woolworth Building, finished in 1913, was the first building to use all of the key technologies associated with modern skyscrapers. Source: www.highbeam.com.
And the third possible “first skyscraper” is:
The Wainright Building in St. Louis was designed by architect Louis Sullivan and was built in 1891. The building is located on 7th Street in Downtown St. Louis. Source: www.stlouis.about.com
In Planning and Budgeting systems, Project Management (PM) can be described as which of the following?
A)
focused on evaluating and ranking outputs
B)
focused on evaluating and ranking inputs
C)
focused on serving up the costs
D)
None of the above
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A(focused on evaluating and ranking outputs).
Project Management (PM) was developed in the 1960’s. It is focused on evaluating and then ranking the value of the results (outputs) by program instead of serving up costs (inputs).
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.
Catherine Bauer Wurster wrote which of the following in 1934?
A)
Looking Backward
B)
Modern Housing
C)
The Culture of Cities
D)
Art of Building Cities
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B(Modern Housing ).
Until her death in 1964, Catherine Bauer Wurster was a leading advocate for well-designed, low-income housing. Her 1934 book, Modern Housing, was one of the most influential of the time. Source: www.planning.org
What year was the “GI Bill” created?
A)
1944
B)
1920
C)
1969
D)
1955
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A(1944).
In 1944 the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (“G.I. Bill”) was created. It guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms and thereby accelerated the growth of the suburbs.
What districts are a popular and effective redevelopment tool that are used in 44 states across the country and in over 250 Illinois cities.
A)
Overlay
B)
TIF
C)
Light Industrial
D)
Brownfield
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B(TIF).
Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a way to pay for improvements to vacant and underused land so that it becomes productive again. The City can set up TIF districts to help develop blighted areas, to build and repair roads and infrastructure, to clean up polluted land, and to put vacant properties back towards development. By returning formerly vacant properties to the tax rolls, the City creates new sources of revenue within the TIF district, generating the funds needed to make necessary improvements without raising taxes in the community. The City’s investments in these areas are then repaid through improved, and productive properties that become new, and permanent revenue generators for the City. Source:http://www.ci.chi.il.us
What data collection technique comprises a series of questionnaires sent out, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit individual responses to the problems and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses?
A)
Round Table
B)
Telephone Survey
C)
Panel Discussions
D)
Delphi Method
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D(Delphi Method).
The Delphi method is an exercise in group communication among a panel of geographically dispersed experts (Adler and Ziglio, 1996). The technique allows experts to deal systematically with a complex problem or task. The essence of the technique is fairly straightforward. It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either by mail or via computerized systems, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit and develop individual responses to the problems posed and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses in accordance with the assigned task. The main point behind the Delphi method is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional committee action. Source: http://www.iit.edu/~it/delphi.html
What year was the Sierra Club founded?
A)
1969
B)
1970
C)
1990
D)
1892
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D(1892).
In 1892 the Sierra Club was founded to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment. John Muir, Scottish-American naturalist, and a major figure in the history of American environmentalism, was the leading founder. Source: www.planning.org
This can be a staged, three to five year prioritized program of transportation projects that cover a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan.
A)
Metropolitan Transportation Plan
B)
Federal Transit and Highway Grant
C)
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
D)
Transportation Strategy
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C(Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)).
A Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) can be a staged, three- to five-year prioritized program of transportation projects covering a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan. The projects are recommended from those in the transportation systems management element and the long-range element of the planning process. This program is required for a locality to receive federal transit and highway grants. The selected projects need to be consistent with the transportation plan. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us
What was HOPE VI created for?
A)
To construct the oil pipe across Alaska
B)
To acquire military land
C)
To build levees in New Orleans
D)
To eliminate distressed public housing
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D(To eliminate distressed public housing).
HOPE VI is the federal program created in 1993 to eliminate distressed public housing. Administered by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Source, APA Planning Magazine June 2001, “Is New Urbanism Growing Old?” by Martin Zimmerman page 11.
According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), there are different roadway levels of service, which service level can be described as “very low speeds, frequent stoppages, volume is greater than capacity”?
A)
A
B)
D
C)
E
D)
F
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D(F).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level F is described as having very low speeds, frequent stoppages, and volume greater than capacity.
Which of the following was asked on the 1990 census but not on the 2000 census?
A)
rent or own
B)
source of water
C)
marital status
D)
year structure built
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B(source of water).
There were several changes to the housing data items included in Census 2000 from the 1990 Census. Questions asked in the 1990 Census on condominium status, source of water, and sewage disposal were removed from Census 2000.
Source:http://www.knowledgeplex.org
On average, what changed from 1,500 square feet in 1970, to 2,266 square feet in 2000?
A)
the size of a parking lot
B)
the size of a subdivision lot
C)
the size of a new home
D)
the size of a new septic bed
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C(the size of a new home).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? Yes” by Lang and Danielson, page 24. This is a trend in the housing industry throughout the country. One can look at “teardowns” in older neighborhoods, where the largest homes allowed on the lot are being built.
Which of the following cases involved the issue of adult uses and zoning?
A)
City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters Inc.
B)
City of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent
C)
Metromedia v. City of San Diego
D)
All of the above
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A(City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters Inc. ).
The respondents purchased two theaters with the intention of exhibiting adult films and, at about the same time, filed suit in Federal District Court, seeking injunctive relief and a declaratory judgment that the First and Fourteenth Amendments were violated by a city ordinance that prohibits adult motion picture theaters from locating within 1,000 feet of any residential zone, church, park, or school. It was found that the ordinance is a valid governmental response to the serious problems created by adult theaters and it was found not to go against the First Amendment. Source: www2.law.cornell.edu.
Which of the following issue involves some companies and towns covering them up with fake rock formations, church steeples, saguaro cactuses, an assortment of fake trees, and even a 90-foot grain silo?
A)
garbage dumps
B)
treatment plants
C)
cell towers
D)
street lights
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C(cell towers).
The point of this question, is that many find cell towers ugly, and as the amount or number of them continues to increase, there are options available to “hide” them. A company hides antennas in all kinds of places: rock formations, church steeples, saguaro cactuses, even a 90-foot grain silo near a shopping mall outside Chicago. Source: www.techtv.com
Kevin Lynch wrote which of the following?
A)
The Urban General Plan
B)
Design With Nature
C)
The Children of the Poor
D)
Image of the City
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D(Image of the City).
In 1960, “Image of the City” was written by Kevin Lynch. In the book, he defines basic elements of the city’s “imageability” (paths, nodes, edges, etc.)
What would BEST describe the purpose of the planning process?
A)
Ensure sound development
B)
Serve the public interest
C)
Ensure the protection of natural resources and the environment
D)
Provide for meaningful public input
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B(Serve the public interest).
The BEST answer is B. Each of the other 3 answers relate to somehow benefiting the overall public interest. According to Les Solin, AICP in the Professional Practice Manual, “The planning process exists to serve the public interest. While the public interest is a question of continuous debate, both in its general principals, and in case-by-case applications, it requires a conscientiously held view of the policies and actions that best serve the entire community.”
Source: Solin, Lee. “Professional Practice Manual.” APA, Chicago IL, 1997. Page 3.
What is significant about Cincinnati, Ohio?
A)
the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan
B)
the first American City to create a Planning Commission
C)
the first City to use eminent domain
D)
All of the above
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A(the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan ).
In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe.) Source: www.planning.org
What type of washing machine that is front loading, common in Europe, and uses less energy and water.
A)
Tumble
B)
H-axis
C)
D-axis
D)
Rambler
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B(H-axis).
An H-axis Washing Machine is a front loading washing machine, long common in Europe but not in the US, and uses a tumble action washing method. These machines have been shown to use much less energy and water, and are reported to cause less wear and tear on clothes. Source:http://www.energyguide.com
Tonight you are to present before City Council a report that speaks about the economic impact a proposed land fill would have on the community. Your report supports the land fill based upon the data that your staff has prepared and analyzed. Prior to the meeting, a Council person approaches you. This particular Council person was elected with the platform of not supporting the land fill. He asks that you go against your findings because he sees the numbers differently. You know from all of your work that this is not true and that it is a wrong way of looking at the data. Just before the meeting starts, hundreds of protestors march in against the land fill. Which of the following is the BEST option for you?
A)
You realize the effect that this Council person could have on your career at the City, you change your recommendation at the meeting to go against the data and the land fill.
B)
You realize that the community is showing strong support against the land fill, and even though your responsibility was to provide economic effects, you decide to change your stance against the land fill.
C)
You and your staff are responsible for providing the Council, with clear and accurate data, they are the decision makers, you should continue to present your report as planned.
D)
You are not sure now on what you should do, so you ask to pull the report from the agenda and go back to the drawing board with your staff to alter the data to support not building the land fill.
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C(You and your staff are responsible for providing the Council, with clear and accurate data, they are the decision makers, you should continue to present your report as planned.).
The BEST option is Answer C, your task was to present a report based on economic facts that showed if there would be a economic benefit for the land fill to be located in the City or not. Answer A would have you going against the data and therefore not presenting clear or accurate data. Answer B would have you changing your stance based upon the hundreds of protestors that showed up to show their support against the land fill. As stated earlier, your report was based on economics, and it is up to Council to weigh all of the facts. Answer D, would have you changing your analysis away from what the data clearly says, this obviously is the wrong thing to do in this case.
Source: “Professional Practice Manual” by Les Solin, AICP, American Planning Association, Washington, DC, Chicago, IL, 1997, page 10.
What Housing Act tied slum clearance to public housing?
A)
1934
B)
1937
C)
1949
D)
1954
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B(1937).
The 1937 U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing. Source: www.planning.org
What 2 country’s are the US’s largest trading partners?
1. Canada
2. Mexico
3. China
4. Russia
A)
1, 3
B)
1, 2
C)
3, 2
D)
2, 3
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B(1, 2).
Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, “New Roads to NAFTA”, by Ken Cottrill, page 32. LB Canada and Mexico are the U.S.’s largest trading partners. A business valued at about $653 billion in 2000.
Rachel Carson wrote which of the following books in 1962?
A)
Silent Spring
B)
Design With Nature
C)
Image of the City
D)
Poverty
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A(Silent Spring ).
In 1962, Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring is published and wakes the nation to the deleterious effects of pesticides on animal, plant and human life. Source:www.planning.org
When was the Clean Air Act of 1970 last amended?
A)
1977
B)
1980
C)
1985
D)
1990
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D(1990).
Congress passed the core provisions of the Clean Air Act in 1970. The law was amended in 1977 and again in 1990 to extend deadlines but also to specify new strategies for cleaning up the air. The basic framework of the law and its public health objective have remained intact. LB In 1970 the National Environment Protection Agency was established to administer the main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970). Source:www.planning.org
Who designed Riverside, Illinois?
A)
Burnham
B)
Hershey
C)
Olmsted and Vaux
D)
Wright
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C(Olmsted and Vaux ).
Source, fredericklawolmsted.com, Riverside Illinois has been considered the best example of Olmsted’s idea of how suburbs should look. Riverside is a 1,600 acre community along the Des Plaines River west of Chicago, Illinois.
Olmsted and Vaux took 2 years planning in, beginning in 1868. The idea was to secure enough space for recreation and to make sure that there were scenic areas available to all residents. To accomplish this, he preserved the floodplain and the river banks as well as two open areas of upland.
The first act of construction was a shaded parkway to connect Riverside to Chicago. Also, Olmsted paid attention to the inner roads of the community making them as scenic as possible. He designed streets that followed the curve of the land and eased the grade of the slopes to fit his plans. He also avoided all uses of right angle intersections to create more public space, which was pleasing to him. He also decided that the areas between public streets and houses was private land with a public function and it was the transitional area between public and private.
In the end, only 1000 acres of the land was developed, which meant the loss of one of the large open spaces that was envisioned.
What can be defined as sediments consisting of sand, silt, clay, and gravel in varying proportions that are deposited in marshes or valleys by flowing water?
A)
Alluvium
B)
Confined Aquifer
C)
Artesian Well
D)
Hydraulic Conductivity
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A(Alluvium).
Alluvium is defined as sediments consisting of sand, silt, clay, and gravel in varying proportions that are deposited in marshes or valleys by flowing water.
Source: www.uwsp.edu
Exactions can be defined as….
A)
the city’s financial responsibilities for private improvements associated with the development
B)
The removal of a rezoning request from the rezoning process
C)
the subdivider’s financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development
D)
the cancellation of a governmentally funded project
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C(the subdivider’s financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development).
Exactions can be described as the subdivider’s financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development. Examples of exactions include land or cash-in-lieu dedications for park land and new schools. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.
In a recent study by the National Association of Realtors and Smart Growth America, ______ in 10 prospective homebuyers said they preferred a neighborhood with a shorter commute and neighborhood amenities within walking distance over a large-lot neighborhood with a longer commute.
A)
1
B)
2
C)
6
D)
10
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C(6).
In a recent study by the National Association of Realtors and Smart Growth America, 6 in 10 homebuyers said they preferred a neighborhood with a shorter commute and amenities (shops, restaurants, schools, libraries and public transportation) within walking distance over a large-lot neighborhood with a longer commute and limited walk able amenities.
The reality of higher-density development is separated from misperception in a booklet from the Urban Land Institute (ULI) in partnership with the Sierra Club, the National Multi Housing Council, and the American Institute of Architects. Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact.
Source: http://www.uli.org
On July 20, 2002, “Listening to the City” was which of the following?
A)
An event that involved around 5,000 people
B)
An event that took place in Manhattan
C)
A modern town meeting
D)
all of the above
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D(all of the above).
On July 20, about 5,000 New Yorkers gathered in Manhattan’s Jacob Javits Convention Center to participate in a modern town meeting called “Listening to the City”. It was one of the largest public workshops ever held. To get participation, organizers used remote responders to get opinions from the public on rebuilding Lower Manhattan. Source: APA Planning Magazine September 2002, “Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again” by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 4.
Which of the following are the key principles of the AICP Code of Ethics?
1. Responsibility to the public
2. Responsibility to employers and clients
3. Responsibility to the profession and to colleagues
4. Self-responsibility
5. Responsibility to the financial performance of the project
6. Responsibility to the environment
7. Responsibility to the technology that accompanies planning
A)
1,2,3,4,5,6
B)
1,2
C)
1,2,3,4
D)
All of the above
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C(1,2,3,4).
The key principles of the AICP Code of Ethics are that planners must 1) be responsible to the public. This would include looking out for all of the people that could be affected both positively and negatively from a project like a interstate extension or a land dump proposed in an area of the county.
The planner must 2) be responsible to his/her employers and their clients. Unless they feel that their employers or clients are doing something illegal.
Planners should also be 3) responsible to the profession and to their colleagues. This would include trying to do the best work they can, or even teach a class, to advance to the profession.
And finally, 4) the fourth key principle would be planner’s own self-responsibility.
Source: Talking Ethics Version 1.0.0013Produced by: Crisanti & Co.Programming by: Ralph RussellTalking Ethics copyright American Planning Association.
Environmental Impact Statements must address how many “big” questions?
A)
3
B)
5
C)
4
D)
10
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B(5).
These are the “big” five questions. (i) the environmental impact of the proposed action,
(ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented,
(iii) alternatives to the proposed action,
(iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man’s environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and
(v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented.
Source: The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Invented in the 1850s, what lead to the construction of buildings with higher stories?
A)
The elevator
B)
Fire escapes
C)
Steel reinforced concrete construction
D)
Internal heat sensored sprinklers
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A(The elevator).
Otis invented the elevator brake in the 1850s and by 1873, Otis elevators were in use worldwide. After 1875 “elevators became an essential part of office building construction. This new means of vertical transportation brought about a complete reversal of building operations and rental policies. The lower floors were no longer as desirable as they were in non-elevator buildings because the demand now shifted to the upper stories which were removed from the noise and dust of the street. The upper floors actually commanded higher rents.” Source: http://www.officemuseum.com
According to Victor Gruen, in his book “Centers for the Urban Environment” (1973), he states that mixed-use centers should have the following objectives?
1) Consistent with Market Trends
2) Reduced Travel
3) Housing opportunity
4) Urbanity and self-sufficiency
5) Focused around Shopping Centers
A)
All except 3
B)
All except 5
C)
All except 4
D)
All of the above
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B(All except 5).
Victor Gruen stated that mixed-use centers should have the following objectives:
1) Reduced Travel times due to a strong “core” that will reduce the need for traveling.
2) Consistency with Market Trends that will be aided by population growth and congestion.
3) There should be more diversification of housing types and densities, opportunities for urbanity and self-sufficiency in mixed-use centers. We tend to see this in almost all regional development plans.
In “Centers for the Urban Environment”, Gruen criticized how shopping centers were being constructed. Gruen called them “uni-functional” centers. He stated that these centers should be anchored by a wide range of functions, not just shopping.
These are examples of “uni-functional” centers that Gruen argued would operate better as mixed-use centers: civic, performing arts, educational, and office centers. These centers typically have costly and complicated travel patterns, sterile environments, as well as unnecessary public and private financial burdens.
Gruen’s home of Vienna, Austria, has a UN facility that is an example of how NOT to build a strong core.
Source: Planning Magazine, June 2005, “ The Heart of the Matter” by Rodney E. Engelen, AICP.
According to a 2001 Study by USA Today, what was the densest MSA in the United States?
A)
Chicago
B)
New York
C)
Los Angeles
D)
San Francisco
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C(Los Angeles).
This article discusses how perceptions can be misleading when it comes to units per acre. USA Today reported that after ranking the Census Bureau’s metropolitan statistical areas (MSA)according to the percentage of population living at densities over 1,000 per square mile. LA came out on top, denser than New York, Chicago or San Francisco.
Source, APA Planning Magazine August 2002, “Dense, Denser, Denser Still” by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP.
Stick built housing is housing that is . . .
A)
houses that have withstood the test of time
B)
houses within the floodplain that are erected on pilings
C)
houses made from poor construction materials
D)
houses constructed on a site
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D(houses constructed on a site).
“ A home that is “stick-built” is constructed on the building site, piece by piece. Manufactured and modular homes are not classified as stick-built because they are made mostly in the factory and then transported to the site. A custom home and a home made according to stock building plans may both be stick-built, provided that they are constructed on the land where they will remain. “
Source: http://architecture.about.com/cs/buildyourhouse/g/stickbuilt.htm
What are a “Nodes” characteristics?
A)
It contains a mix of uses.
B)
It increases the amount of pedestrians, bike trips, and transit use.
C)
It contains or is close to public spaces
D)
all of the above
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D(all of the above).
Over the last few years, the concept of “nodal development” has emerged in a variety of local forums as a means to better achieve goals for growth, transportation, and environmental protection.
Nodal development helps increase the percentage of pedestrian, bike, and bus trips and also helps to reduce congestion by decreasing the number and length of trips people choose to make by automobile.
The draft TransPlan (From Eugene) contains the following definition for nodal development:
Nodal Development is a mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly land use pattern that seeks to increase concentrations of population and employment in well-defined areas with good transit service, a mix of diverse and compatible land uses, and public and private improvements designed to be pedestrian and transit oriented. Fundamental characteristics of Nodal Development include:
design elements that support pedestrian environments and encourage transit use, walking, and bicycling;
a transit stop which is pedestrian accessible within approximately 1/4 mile of anywhere in the node;
mixed uses and a core commercial area so that services are available within walking distance (approximately 1/4 mile);
public spaces, such as parks, public and private open space, and public facilities, which can be reached without driving; and
a mix of housing types and residential densities that achieve an overall net density within the medium density range (at least 12 units per net acre).
Source, Planning Department of Eugene-Springfield Oregon’s Draft Transplan.
According to the US Census, what can be described as a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users?
A)
Urban Area
B)
Census Tract
C)
Census Area
D)
Census Block
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B(Census Tract).
According to the US Census, a Census tract is a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users for the purposes of presenting data. Census tract boundaries may follow visible features, but may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non-visible features in some instances. Tracts always lie within counties. Designed to be homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants. They may be split by any sub-county geographic entity. Source:http://www.census.gov
A “variance” can be described as which of the following?
A)
the difference between the lowest and highest value
B)
a measure of dispersion around the median
C)
a measure of dispersion around the mean
D)
a measure of dispersion around the range
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C(a measure of dispersion around the mean).
A variance is a measure of dispersion around the mean. It is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.
Relating to an internal planning agency organization, which organizational structure is set up around the basic functions of urban decision making?
A)
Organization by Geographic Area
B)
Organization by Time Frame
C)
Organization by Process
D)
Organization by Function
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D(Organization by Function).
There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.
Management by Objective (MBO) was created by which of the following persons in 1954?
A)
Aaron Wildansky
B)
Bill Gates
C)
Peter Drucker
D)
None of the above
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C(Peter Drucker).
In 1954, Peter Drucker is credited with creating the management technique called MBO (Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926) dealt with which of the following issues?
A)
Adult Uses
B)
Exactions
C)
With the claim of a perceived taking
D)
Sign Ordinance
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C(With the claim of a perceived taking).
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926).
The Court upheld a zoning ordinance against allegations that the government took property in violation of the Due Process Clause where the ordinance reduced the value of the claimant’s land by 75% (from $10,000 per acre to $2,500 per acre). Although Euclid involved due process challenges, the landowner alleged that the ordinance effectively took the property. The Penn Central Court cited this case for the proposition that diminution in value, by itself, cannot establish a taking. Source:http://www.communityrights.org
Which of the following Act’s was created in 1944?
A)
GI Bill
B)
Clean Air Act
C)
Federal Aid Highway Act
D)
Standard City Planning Enabling Act
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A(GI Bill).
In 1944 the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (“G.I. Bill”) was created. It guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms. This accelerated the growth of the suburbs. Source: www.planning.org
Zero Discharge Standards involve which of the following?
A)
stormwater runoff that is greater after the development of the site than before the site was developed
B)
below average garbage and waste levels
C)
stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed
D)
below average air pollution discharge
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C(stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed).
Zero Discharge standards or natural runoff is the velocity of stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.
