P Exam 1

Question 1

The case of Mugler v. Kansas found that while a person has the right to make alcohol for their own use, such a right can be conditioned on its effect on others. Which constitutional principle was tested in this case?Select one:a. 2nd Amendment
b. 14th Amendment
c. 5th Amendment
d. 1st Amendment

Answer 1

The U.S. Supreme Court found that a Kansas prohibition law did not infringe on 14th Amendment rights and that the state legislature may exercise police powers.The correct answer is: 14th Amendment

Question 2

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution prohibits governments from taking private property without just compensation?Select one:a. 1st Amendment
b. 2nd Amendment
c. 5th Amendment
d. 14th Amendment

Answer 2

The 5th Amendment provides that, “No person shall be…deprived of…property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation”.The correct answer is: 5th Amendment

Question 3

As a borderlands planner, you are working on a joint development proposal between a community in Texas and Mexico. The development proposal is presented in hectares. You are trying to calculate the project to ensure it meets the U.S. zoning regulations. How many acres are in one hectare?Select one:a. 2.47
b. 2.48
c. 2.49
d. 2.5

Answer 3

There are 2.47 acres in a hectare.The correct answer is: 2.47

Question 4

As a planner for the regional planning agency, you are working on a food systems plan. You want to emphasize the importance of agricultural land to support the region’s food needs. You report that on a per household basis: it takes ________ acres of land to feed the U.S. population.Select one:a. 34 acres
b. Two acres
c. Ten acres
d. 25 acres

Answer 4

The correct answer is two acres. Two acres is sufficient to feed a household of four using the bio-intensive method of agriculture.The correct answer is: Two acres

Question 5

A commercial district has fallen into serious disrepair over the last 30 years. You are working with neighborhood leaders to encourage conversion of underutilized commercial buildings to housing in this historic area. Which would be the best to encourage?Select one:a. Rehabilitation of historic buildings
b. Reconstruction of historic buildings
c. Historic restoration
d. Adaptive reuse

Answer 5

The best answer is adaptive reuse. Adaptive reuse is a specific term used to describe the process of adapting buildings for new uses while retaining many of their historic features.The correct answer is: Adaptive reuse

Question 6

As a growing suburban community, your city has had a difficult time keeping up with the demand for infrastructure. The City Council has asked you, as Planning Director, to come up with a plan to reduce the number of lots that become buildable each year. Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate to recommend?Select one:a. Adequate public facilities ordinance
b. Building permit moratorium
c. Planned unit development
d. Transfer of development rights

Answer 6

The best answer is a public facilities ordinance. A public facilities ordinanceallows the city to determine when infrastructure will be extended and maintain an adequate level of service. New building permits would not be issued unless the infrastructure is adequate.The correct answer is: Adequate public facilities ordinance

Question 7

Which of the following measures is the most commonly used for traffic volume?Select one:a. VPM
b. ADT
c. LOS
d. Vehicles per trip

Answer 7

Average daily traffic (ADT) is the measure most commonly used for traffic volume. ADT quantifies the average number of vehicles that travel on a road in a typical day.The correct answer is: ADT

Question 8

As a resident of a struggling neighborhood, you want to make sure the homes around you are kept up. After your neighbor moved out, you start by mowing the lawn and generally keeping up the property. Over time you take occupancy of the property, making repairs, and allowing your son to live in the home. You then continuously occupy the property for a period of ten years. You decide that you want to have the property legally transferred into your name, so you put forward the argument that you are legally entitled to this property. This argument is known as: Select one:a. Adverse possession
b. Squatting
c. Homesteading
d. Adverse abandonment

Answer 8

The correct answer is adverse possession.Adverse possession is a method of acquiring title to a property by possession for a period of time, based on statute. Squatters rights are a specific form of adverse possession. Squatters typically do not have a right to the title of the property but cannot be removed without due process. Homesteading occurs when the land has no legal owner or is owned by the government. The government allows homesteading with an expectation that the person occupying the property will undertake specific actions to gain the title. Adverse abandonment is associated with acquiring land abandoned by a railroad.The correct answer is: Adverse possession

Question 9

You are the Director of Planning for a
neighborhood planning agency. You are responsible for organizing an advisory
committee that will provide comments to the city on plans for redevelopment in
the neighborhood. Who should be on this committee?

I. Neighborhood residents
II. Neighborhood business owners
III. DevelopersSelect one:a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. I, II, and III

Answer 9

Involving all stakeholders is important in a neighborhood redevelopment process.The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 10

Advocacy planning does which of the following:
Select one:a. Assists low-income people in getting off welfare
b. Increases environmental regulations
c. Stops urban renewal
d. Moves planning into the public eye

Answer 10

Advocacy planning brings planning into the public eye and assists in recognizing the different needs of interest groups in the community.The correct answer is: Moves planning into the public eye

Question 11

The Mayor is concerned about the affordability of housing in the city. She has asked you to undertake a study of housing in the city. As part of the report, which would be the best way to represent an affordability index?Select one:a. The ratio of median housing price to median income.
b. A series of indicators, such as days on market, median sales price, and number of people applying for housing support.
c. The ratio of median home sales price to median salary for jobs in the city.
d. The ratio of housing mortgages to mortgage defaults.

Answer 11

The ratio of median housing price to median income is the preferred metric of the relative affordability of housing in a community. A ratio of greater than 2.5 would indicate that the housing is unaffordable.The correct answer is: The ratio of median housing price to median income.

Question 12

As part of your duties as the Planning Director for a large city in Kansas, you are responsible for preparing the staff report for an amendment to the Comprehensive Plan that would allow affordable, multi-family housing in the city’s downtown area. You are charged with providing compelling reasons for the City Council to approve the amendment. Which of the following would you NOT include in your staff report?Select one:a. Discuss how building affordable housing will attract more low-income people to live in the city
b. Discuss the need for affordable housing and requirements under state law to provide for affordable housing
c. Discuss the need for affordable housing located close to downtown jobs
d. Discuss the need for affordable housing located near good public transportation connections

Answer 12

If you are trying to encourage affordable housing, explaining that it will attract more low-income residents will feed into a fear rather than providing positive reasons to build more affordable housing.The correct answer is: Discuss how building affordable housing will attract more low-income people to live in the city

Question 13

Which is a true statement about local planning agency management?a. Planning department accreditation has been around since the 1920s, and most planning departments are now accredited
b. The accreditation of planning departments would serve little purpose and is not really necessary
c. Most planning departments are now working on accreditation, via promotion by the APA’s federal accreditation working group
d. Formalized accreditation programs do not yet exist for planning departments

Answer 13

In PAS Report 582, “Local Planning Agency Management,” the authors argue that there is a need for professional accreditation of planning agencies. The report notes that accreditation already exists for park and recreation agencies, police departments, public health departments, and public schools.The correct answer is: Formalized accreditation programs do not yet exist for planning departments

Question 14

An aging population is one of the most widely documented demographic trends in the United States. Which statement is most accurate about the population of older adults aged over 65?Select one:a. Their population will increase from 10% to 40% by 2030.
b. The aging of America is fueled by more than 70 million baby boomers.
c. Their population will increase from 10% to 30% by 2030.
d. The population of older adults is increasing, but not as rapidly as previously thought.

Answer 14

America is aging. Older adults—65 and over—represent 13 percent of the population today. By 2030, one in every five people (20%) living in the United States will be over the age of 65. This aging of America is fueled by 72 million baby boomers aging through the life cycle in combination with a profound increase in longevity.The correct answer is: The aging of America is fueled by more than 70 million baby boomers.

Question 15

Agins v. City of Tiburon established that a regulation is a taking if…I. The regulation deprives a property of all its economically viable uses.II. The regulation fails to advance a legitimate governmental interest.III. The regulation temporarily deprives a property of an economically viable use. IV. The regulation is not connected to the use of the land.Select one:a. I only
b. I and II only
c. I and III only
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 15

A regulation is a taking if it deprives the property of all economic value and does not advance a governmental interest. A temporary deprivation does not cause a taking.The correct answer is: I and II only

Question 16

You work for the federal government, focusing on the management of agricultural lands. You are preparing a report about land use and the role of agriculture in the United States. Which of the following is true?Select one:a. The amount of total land devoted to agricultural use continues to increase in the United States although the number of farms is declining.
b. Agriculture is the most frequent use of land in the United States with 1/5 of land used for crops and just under 1/3 used for livestock grazing.
c. Small family farms account for 50 percent of all U.S. farms.
d. Agriculture is the most frequent use of land in the United States with 1/2 of land used for crops and about 1/4 used for livestock grazing.

Answer 16

Correct answer: Agriculture is the most frequent use of land in the United States with 1/5 of land used for crops and just under 1/3 used for livestock grazing. Because of urbanization, the amount of land in agriculture is declining and there is a trend toward larger farm operations. Still, small family farms (less than $350,000 in gross cash farm income) account for 90 percent of all U.S. farms.The U.S. EPA reports on major trends in agriculture.The correct answer is: Agriculture is the most frequent use of land in the United States with 1/5 of land used for crops and just under 1/3 used for livestock grazing.

Question 17

As the county’s economic development director, you are looking for creative solutions to promote economic development in this largely agricultural county. You have convened a group of famers to promote agritourism. Which of the following would be most effective?Select one:a. Offer a small grant to any farmer that would like to experiment with agritourism, to support the initial startup costs.
b. Invite farmers from across the county to create agritourism activities and then offer to have the county pay for advertising in targeted markets.
c. Have the county create and operate an agritourism center at the county fairgrounds to attract tourists to visit the county.
d. Encourage farmers along a key accessible corridor to collaborate on adding complementary agritourism activities to create a day trip to attract families from the adjacent metropolitan area.

Answer 17

Effective agritourism attracts consumers who wish to experience the fruits of an agricultural community. Joint marketing and planning can expand the impact of agritourism in a community. In this case encouraging direct economic benefit to farmers will be key, as well as having a clear destination for visitors. The correct answer is: Encourage farmers along a key accessible corridor to collaborate on adding complementary agritourism activities to create a day trip to attract families from the adjacent metropolitan area.

Question 18

As a planner for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, you are responsible for air pollution management planning. You are coordinating with the state to ensure that there is coordination among the various local and regional plans as part of the state air pollution implementation plan. In your review, which of the following would you expect to be integrated?Select one:A. Regional Transportation Plans and Regional Transportation Improvement Programs
B. Regional Transportation Plans only
C. Regional Solid Waste Management Plan
D. All of these are correct

Answer 18

States are required to develop a state implementation plan (SIP) for air quality. These air quality plans must include the following: Provisions for ozone nonattainment areas, provisions for carbon monoxide nonattainment areas, provisions for particulate matter nonattainment, and provisions for designated nonattainment for sulfur oxides, nitrogen dioxide, or lead. Transportation is a major source of air pollution—for example carbon monoxide, which is required to be addressed as part of the state implementation plan. Regional transportation plans and improvement programs would be expected to be included in an SIP. More information here: https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-implementation-plans/develop-air-quality-sipThe correct answer is: Regional Transportation Plans and Regional Transportation Improvement Programs

Question 19

Who was the first president of the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)?Select one:a. Lewis Mumford
b. Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.
c. Alfred Bettman
d. Saul Alinsky

Answer 19

Alfred Bettman (1873-1945) was the first president of ASPO and one of the key founders of modern urban planning. Zoning, as we know it today, can be attributed to his successful arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, which resulted in the 1926 decision in favor of the Village of Euclid, Ohio versus Ambler Realty Company.The concept of the “Comprehensive Plan,” as used in most cities across the United States, is in no small part due to the work of Bettman and Ladislas Segoe on the “Cincinnati Plan.” Communities of all sizes across the United States can also thank Bettman for his part in creating the “Capital Improvements Budget.”The correct answer is: Alfred Bettman

Question 20

As the city’s accessibility coordinator, you are preparing educational materials to provide to for a citywide team in preparation for an audit of all city facilities. Your goal for the training is to make sure that the city employees understand the history and context for the audit. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the history of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?Select one:a. The ADA passed in 1996 and was significantly amended in 2010. Current regulations are set in the 2012 Standards for Accessible Design.
b. The ADA passed in 1994 and has not been significantly amended since. Current regulations provide guidance for newly designed and constructed commercial residences.
c. The ADA passed in 1992 and has not been significantly amended since. Current regulations provide guidance for newly designed and constructed private residences.
d. The ADA passed in 1990 and was significantly amended in 2008. Current regulations are set in the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design, which replaced standards set in 1991.

Answer 20

The Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990. The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 overturned two controversial Supreme Court decisions and made the scope of the ADA more broad and inclusive. The 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design set minimum requirements for newly designed, constructed, or altered state and local government facilities, public accommodations, and commercial facilities to be readily accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities.The correct answer is: The ADA passed in 1990 and was significantly amended in 2008. Current regulations are set in the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design, which replaced standards set in 1991.

Question 21

Amitai Etzioni proposed which of the following theories?Select one:a. Rational planning
b. Mixed scanning
c. Incremental planning
d. Radical planning

Answer 21

Etzioni proposed mixed scanning.The correct answer is: Mixed scanning

Question 22

You manage the site plan review process for the city of Plannersville. You have received a complete submission for a site plan for a 120-unit apartment complex on 15 acres of land. While reviewing the site plan, you look for all of the following except:Select one:a. Location of the site
b. Location of stormwater drainage
c. Rent to be charged
d. Zoning of the property

Answer 22

The correct answer is rent to be charged. Rental rates are irrelevant to a site plan review, while stormwater drainage, location, and zoning are all relevant to a site review.The correct answer is: Rent to be charged

Question 23

When using ArcGIS, a planner can obtain mapping data from which of the following sources?Select one:a. U.S. Census Bureau
b. Esri
c. U.S. Geological Survey
d. All of the above

Answer 23

Mapping data is available from numerous sources, for example, the Census, United States Geological Survey, and Esri.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true regarding regional, or area-wide, planning agencies?Select one:a. A regional planning agency is a separate unit of government.
b. Area-wide planning organizations are not a separate layer of government.
c. There is a strong tradition of regional governance in the United States.
d. Regional planning agencies are responsible for wetlands permitting.

Answer 24

The correct answer is “Area-wide planning organizations are not a separate layer of government.” A regional planning agency develops regional plans and reviews regional impacts and projects. In some cases, a local government may transfer some local government powers to a regional agency, but that is not usually the case.The correct answer is: Area-wide planning organizations are not a separate layer of government.

Question 25

Which of the following would be least likely to apply while working as a planner for the U.S. Army?Select one:a. Joint Land Use Studies
b. Air Installation Compatible Use Zones
c. Base Realignment and Closure Act
d. Section 8 Vouchers

Answer 25

The correct answer is Section 8 Vouchers. Section 8 vouchers provide housing subsidies for low-income people, and are not specific to military bases. The Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC) refers to congressional actions that streamline military base operations. Air Installation Compatible Use Zones address land use coordination with local governments around the base. Joint Land Use Studies are a joint planning effort between active military installations, surrounding communities and other agencies.The correct answer is: Section 8 Vouchers

Question 26

An arterial street…Select one:a. …provides grade separations at intersections.
b. …does not provide access to adjacent properties.
c. …connects employees to their places of employment.
d. …limits access.

Answer 26

The correct answer is that arterial streets limit direct access to homes and businesses. While some of the other possible answers could also be true, such as “connects employees to their places of employment,” the defining trait of arterials is the limitation of direct access to adjacent properties.The correct answer is: …limits access.

Question 27

What is the historical relationship between the American Society of Planning Officials, the American Institute of Planners, and the American Planning Association?Select one:a. The ASPO was disbanded in the 1930s. It was replaced by the APA. The AIP and the APA merged in the 1960s.
b. The APA was established in 1909. It went through various names changes, including at one time AIP and later the ASPO.
c. The APA was formed in the late 1970s when the AIP and ASPO consolidated. The AIP first started in 1917 as the American City Planning Institute until it was renamed in 1934.
d. The AIP was the first organization to be established, until it was replaced by the ASPO. The ASPO was then replaced by the APA in the 1970s.

Answer 27

In 1978, the American Planning Association was consolidated from the American Institute of Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO). AIP was incorporated in 1917, as the American City Planning Institute, and renamed the AIP in 1939. ASPO was established in 1934.The correct answer is: The APA was formed in the late 1970s when the AIP and ASPO consolidated. The AIP first started in 1917 as the American City Planning Institute until it was renamed in 1934.

Question 28

Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore dealt with which of the following issues?Select one:a. Eminent Domain
b. Freedom of Speech
c. Timing of Development
d. Exactions

Answer 28

The Associated Home Builders case related to when building permits could be developed based on the availability of infrastructure.The correct answer is: Timing of Development

Question 29

As the Economic Development Planner for your region, you are interested in attracting e-commerce firms. After researching what e-commerce firms need to conduct business, you realize you need to create an effective marketing package. Which of the following would be least likely to be useful in marketing?Select one:a. Nearby universities with accomplished computer science departments.
b. Utility competition in the region.
c. Downtown office space with nearby apartments.
d. Technology-ready suburban office parks.

Answer 29

E-commerce companies need a well-educated workforce with web design skills. They prefer a region with utility competition, which results in lower costs for internet service. They prefer downtown offices and their workforce wants vibrant urban scenes and active nightlife.The correct answer is: Technology-ready suburban office parks.

Question 30

As part of a capital improvements planning process, you have been hosting a series of town hall-style meetings. Recently the meetings have been taken over by a small group of citizens associated with the Tea Party. You are looking at how you can make sure all voices are heard as you plan for the next round of engagement meetings. Which of the following tools would be most effective for ensuring maximum participation of all in attendance?Select one:a. Visual Preference Survey
b. Audience Response System
c. Design Charrette
d. Dot Voting

Answer 30

The answer is Audience Response System (ARS).An ARS is an instant polling software used in conjunction with a slide presentation. A USB receiver or base station retrieves the data provided by an audience using wireless hand-held devices and stores this information on the presenter’s computer. Some ARS programs offer the option of participating in the process via personal cellular phones or laptop computers. The most obvious benefit of ARS is the chance to receive instant and accurate feedback from the audience. This feedback is assumed to represent honest opinions because the answers are sent anonymously.The correct answer is: Audience Response System

Question 31

A developer wants to create a rural subdivision in a newly annexed area. The proposed development area is partially located on a wetlands. In your review of the subdivision plat, you are concerned about the use of septic tanks given the proximity of the wetlands. You ask the developer to provide evidence that the soil is suitable for septic tanks and request that the public health department provide feedback. What kind of test do you request of the developer?Select one:a. A permeability test
b. A fertility test
c. An auger test
d. A nitrate test

Answer 31

The correct answer is an auger test. An auger can be used to retrieve soil samples and then examined for the soil profiles.The correct answer is: An auger test

Question 32

Which of the following would not be used to graphically compare two sets of data?Select one:a. Line graph
b. Scatter plot
c. Bell curve
d. Bar graph

Answer 32

A bell curve would not be used to graphically compare two sets of data.The correct answer is: Bell curve

Question 33

Which of the following is an eminent domain case?Select one:A. Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
B. Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma
C. Euclid v. Ambler Realty
D. Berman v. Parker

Answer 33

Berman v. Parker upheld the use of eminent domain for aesthetic purposes.Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas is a 1st and 14th amendments case dealing with freedom of association. Berman v. Parker upheld the use of eminent domain for aesthetic purposes. Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma is a growth management case. Euclid v. Ambler Realty established zoning as a constitutional use of government police power.The correct answer is: Berman v. Parker

Question 34

There has been recent heated debate on social media. Some of the citizens are arguing that drivers pay for the streets, so bicyclists should stay off the streets.As part of the complete streets task force, you are developing talking points that help explain clearly how streets are paid for. You want to combat the perception that bicyclists are free riders. The free rider problem is encountered when:Select one:a. Someone benefits from the consumption of a public good without paying their full share.
b. An individual pays more than their fair share of the cost of a public good.
c. All individuals are willing to pay for what they consume.
d. All individuals who consume a public good pay for it.

Answer 34

In economics, the free rider problem refers to a situation where some individuals in a population either consume more than their fair share of a common resource, or pay less than their fair share of the cost of a common resource.The correct answer is: Someone benefits from the consumption of a public good without paying their full share.

Question 35

The state planning association has been working with the legislature to explain the value of land use controls. A representative has decided to put forward a bill that would expand the planner’s ability to engage in land use controls. The state planning association is closely following the process. The bill has just been voted on and approved in the House. What happens next?Select one:a. The bill is signed by the House Speaker.
b. The bill is signed by the Governor and becomes a law.
c. The bill is referred to a House committee for review.
d. The bill is then sent to the Senate where it will be introduced by the Senate Speaker.

Answer 35

After a bill has been voted on and approved by one side of the legislature, in this case, the House, then it would be referred to the Senate. The bill is then introduced by the Senate Speaker, referred to a committee, and then goes through the legislative review process before it can be voted on and ultimately signed by the Governor.The correct answer is “The bill is then sent to the Senate where it will be introduced by the Senate Speaker.”The correct answer is: The bill is then sent to the Senate where it will be introduced by the Senate Speaker.

Question 36

The city of Plannersville recently passed a law prohibiting new billboards within city limits. However, the new law has not solved the problem of existing billboards. The Planning Director is considering a proposed ordinance to amortize billboards over a three-year period. State law requires that non-conforming uses are out of use for a period of two or more years before they may be regulated, so would the proposed billboard regulations be legal? Choose one answer.Select one:a. The state law does not specifically apply to billboards, so the ordinance would be legal.
b. The ordinance is legal, so the amortization of existing billboards can proceed.
c. The state law requires that billboard advertising be discontinued for two years before the amortization period would start, so the ordinance as proposed would be illegal.
d. The ordinance would trigger numerous variance applications and cause an administrative headache, but would be legal.

Answer 36

The correct answer: “The state law requires that billboard advertising be discontinued for two years before the amortization period would start, so the ordinance as proposed would be illegal.”Local jurisdictions seeking to remove billboards can pass an ordinance that requires the removal of billboards by a given time, a process known as amortization. States set the rules for amortization. In this case, the Planning Director’s proposal does not meet the requirements of state law.The correct answer is: The state law requires that billboard advertising be discontinued for two years before the amortization period would start, so the ordinance as proposed would be illegal.

Question 37

The Mayor of your community has asked the planning department to come up with a simple way to gauge whether residents approve of the city’s new recycling program. There is a very limited budget, and a survey has been devised asking residents to respond “yes” or “no” on the city’s website. Is this an example of a binary variable?Select one:a. Yes, because binary variables have only two different values.
b. No, because binary variables can have multiple values.
c. No, because binary variables can only have positive values.
d. No, because “yes” and “no” questions have nothing to do with binary variables.

Answer 37

Binary variables can only take on two values, and are typically represented as 0 and 1. They are used for variables for which there are only two possible outcomes, such as male or female, or yes or no.The correct answer is: Yes, because binary variables have only two different values.

Question 38

You create a presentation for the City council about biophilic design, responding to a petition from a local group asking the city to focus on biophilic design. Which example are you least likely to include in an explanation of biophilic design?Select one:a. Natural attributes in buildings
b. Stormwater reuse irrigation
c. Multi-modal transportation options
d. Dynamic artificial lighting

Answer 38

Biophilic design brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, natural elements, and access to water.The correct answer is: Multi-modal transportation options

Question 39

The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (and most state-level zoning enabling statutes) authorized a board of adjustment to do the following: I. Hear and decide appeals from determinations made by local zoning officialsII. Grant variances to provide relief from the terms of the zoning ordinanceIII. Enact and amend zoning ordinancesIV. Permit special exceptions to the zoning ordinance (conditional and special use permits)Select one:a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, and IV only
c. I and II only
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 39

A Board of Zoning Adjustments acts in a quasi-judicial manner and can grant variances and hear appeals.The correct answers are I. Hear and decide appeals from determinations made by local zoning officials and II. Grant variances to provide relief from the terms of the zoning ordinance.The enactment of zoning ordinances and special exceptions are achieved through a legislative process and a planning commission.The correct answer is: I and II only

Question 40

How is brainstorming as a method for public participation used in the planning process?I. Getting a sense for what agencies want to accomplish togetherII. Identifying the measurable improvements that will be achieved through working togetherIII. Informally gathering input in the initial stages of a projectIV. Preparing survey questions for the publica. III & IV
b. All of these are correct.
c. I, II, & III
d. I & II

Answer 40

Options I, II, & III are all listed in PAS Report 539-540 as key elements of the brainstorming process to assist groups in working together and identifying key goals for the planning process. Option IV is generally not a part of the brainstorming process, although it is a common component of public engagement.The correct answer is: I, II, & III

Question 41

Recently cities have undertaken efforts, known as __________, to create a specific image of a city in the minds of the public.Select one:a. Branding
b. Consulting
c. Marketing
d. Gazing

Answer 41

To help make cities unique and competitive in the global economy, many cities have undertaken branding efforts.The correct answer is: Branding

Question 42

How does bridging help communicate a clear message to the public?a. By presenting an infographic to engage the public.
b. By referencing a startling statistic to reinforce the main point.
c. By using a transitional phrase to stay on message when the question could take you off topic.
d. By joining an ongoing conversation on social media to increase public understanding of key issues.

Answer 42

Bridging is used to bring the conversation back to the central message when questions take you off topic. All the other potential answers are communication tactics, but do not fit the definition established by the question.The correct answer is: By using a transitional phrase to stay on message when the question could take you off topic.

Question 43

The urban city where you work includes a number of abandoned industrial sites. In your comprehensive plan, you refer to these sites as:Select one:a. Grayfields
b. Greenfields
c. None of these
d. Brownfields

Answer 43

The correct answer is brownfields.
Brownfields are contaminated industrial sites.Greenfields refer to land that is not currently used for development.Grayfields are former development sites that are not contaminated.
The correct answer is: Brownfields

Question 44

You have a written a proposed stream corridor protection ordinance that calls for a 50-foot setback from all stream corridors. As part of the staff report for the draft ordinance, you want to include a map that illustrates the ordinance. To create the map you use a:Select one:a. Vector
b. Buffer
c. Census
d. Polygon

Answer 44

A buffer is a reclassification based on distance. Buffering measures distance outward in directions from an object, in this case a stream. Buffering can be created around three types of vector data: point, line, and area.The correct answer is: Buffer

Question 45

The city requires a building permit before construction can begin. This is an exercise of:Select one:a. Land use planning
b. Subdivision regulation
c. Eminent domain
d. Police power

Answer 45

The correct answer is police power. Police power is the power granted government to impose what it considers reasonable restrictions on the liberties of its citizens for the maintenance of public order and safety. A building permit, for example, ensures the safety of citizens.The correct answer is: Police power

Question 46

Downtown business owners have been repeatedly complaining to the City Council to do something about street panhandling, trash, and unkempt appearance along the sidewalk. The City Council president has directed the planning staff to find a solution. After significant research you have come up with what you believe is the best solution. Which of the following is most appropriate?Select one:a. Increase the police budget to patrol the downtown.
b. Plant additional street trees on downtown sidewalks.
c. Implement a Business Improvement District.
d. Work with local business owners to help keep their sidewalks clean.

Answer 46

All of the choices are possibilities and could be used to support an effort to improve downtown. The best choice is to implement a Business Improvement District, which would provide funds to clean the sidewalks, patrol the streets, and keep up the appearance of the downtown. To create a Business Improvement District, property owners agree to an increase in the district’s tax rate. The revenue from the tax increase are used to fund improvements inside the district.The correct answer is: Implement a Business Improvement District.

Question 47

The city of Columbus, Ohio includes two thriving districts: the Short North arts district and the convention center district. Visitors often stay in downtown for a convention and also want to visit the Short North.The problem is that convention visitors have to walk across a highway bridge to get there. Even though it is a short walk, the bridge is perceived as a real barrier to access. As a planner for the city, you propose the following:Select one:a. A cap park
b. A tram to cover the distance
c. Add a gateway arch on both side creating a visual cue
d. Narrow the roadway and add parking on each side of the street

Answer 47

A cap park provides a park over a segment of freeway to encourage people to move through the space going from one area to another. All of these are possibilities, but the cap park best overcomes the perceived barrier.The correct answer is: A cap park

Question 48

Plannersville has a majority Hispanic population. You are planning a community-wide survey targeting families with young children. Which of the following would be the most effective way to reach people aged 24-36?Select one:a. Social media link to a survey
b. Landline phone survey
c. Cell phone survey
d. Mail survey

Answer 48

The correct answer is cell phone survey. According to the Pew Research Center, almost half of Americans had a cell phone, but no landline service as of 2015 (http://www.pewresearch.org/methodology/u-s-survey-research/collecting-survey-data/). Among Hispanics, 61% have wireless service only. A younger population is unlikely to respond to a mail survey. While social media is a way to publicize the survey, you will be more likely to get a response through direct contact with residents.The correct answer is: Cell phone survey

Question 49

The primary purpose of the Census is to provide the basis for which of the following?Select one:a. Fairly apportioning the number of seats in the United States House of Representatives for each state.
b. Determining national population.
c. Distributing federal funds to state and local governments.
d. Determining median family income for the allocation of housing programs.

Answer 49

While Census data is used for a variety of purposes, the primary purpose is to apportion seats for Congress. The correct answer is: Fairly apportioning the number of seats in the United States House of Representatives for each state.

Question 50

Which of the following most accurately describes how the U.S. Census Bureau collects data through the American Community Survey?Select one:a. It uses an annual survey to produce an annual update of estimates for census tracts and block groups
b. It uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for census tracts and block groups
c. Every five years, the ACS conducts a sample to produce estimates for census tracts
d. Every five years, the ACS conducts a sample to produce estimates for census tracts and block groups

Answer 50

The American Community Survey uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for the same census tract and block groups that used to be surveyed via the decennial census long-form sample. http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/methodology/design-and-methodology.htmlThe correct answer is: It uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for census tracts and block groups

Question 51

You have been working on a zoning ordinance amendment that allows for granny flats. As part of your staff report, you reference recent Census trends in multi-generational living. You report that the percentage of multigenerational households grew from a low of 12 percent in 1980 to approximately ______ percent of households in 2016.Select one:a. 26
b. 32
c. 15
d. 20

Answer 51

The correct answer is 20 percent.According to the 2016 American Community Survey, the share of multigenerational households has almost reached the 1950 peak—now representing 20 percent of the total population.The correct answer is: 20

Question 52

The city’s Zoning Ordinance was last overhauled more than 30 years ago. The ordinance has grown over time, and with so many amendments it has become a confusing mess. You are currently reviewing the overlay districts included in the ordinance, and discover an unusual overlay district, not typically found in other ordinances. Which of the following is the unusual overlay you discovered?Select one:a. Commercial corridor district
b. Central business district
c. Airport overlay district
d. Flood hazard district

Answer 52

Central business districts are typically their own zoning district, rather than an overlay.The correct answer is: Central business district

Question 53

The theorist associated with incrementalism:Select one:a. Frank Lloyd Wright
b. Ebenezer Howard
c. John Friedmann
d. Charles Lindblom

Answer 53

Lindblom wrote about incrementalism as a step-by-step approach to achieving plans as a response to rationalism.The correct answer is: Charles Lindblom

Question 54

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld the use of planned unit developments in which of the following cases?Select one:a. Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope
b. Nectow v. Cambridge
c. Euclid v. Ambler Realty
d. Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel

Answer 54

In the caseCheney v. Village 2 at New Hope, the Pennsylvania State Court in 1968 found that planned unit developments are acceptable if the regulations focus on density requirements rather than specific rules for each lot.The correct answer is: Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope

Question 55

The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition included the _____________, designed by Daniel Burnham.Select one:a. White Castle
b. White City
c. White House
d. New York City

Answer 55

The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition included the White City, designed by Daniel Burnham. The term has been applied to mean the color of the buildings as well as the exclusionary ideas on display at the exposition.The correct answer is: White City

Question 56

A new grocery store has been built on an arterial. You have been working with a neighborhood concerned about cut-through traffic to and from the grocery store, which has resulted in both an increase in traffic volume and an increase in traffic speed. After exploring various options for a neighborhood street, you recommend which of the following?Select one:a. Diagonal parking
b. Roundabout
c. Chicane
d. Speed hump

Answer 56

In this case, the best choice is a chicane. A chicane is a short, shallow, S-shaped turn that requires drivers to turn slightly left and then right again to stay on the road, which results in slowing speeds down. Chicanes are most effective when there are volumes of traffic that are similar from both approaches. While diagonal parking can reduce traffic speeds, they are best applied in non-residential areas. Roundabouts are intended to slow traffic while increasing traffic efficiency. In this case, there is no desire to increase efficiency of traffic movement, thus we don’t want to encourage more traffic movements. While a speed hump could be used to slow traffic, they have to be placed continuously along a road to be effective. The correct answer is: Chicane

Question 57

Which of the following is not a common method of achieving agreement on a course of action?Select one:a. Maintaining a democratic decision-making process
b. Educating the public on all sides of an issue
c. Working with stakeholder groups to develop a consensus
d. Appointing a single person to adjudicate dispute and make a final decision

Answer 57

The correct answer is “Appointing a single person to adjudicate dispute and make a final decision.”The American Planning Association is especially supportive of planning as an inclusive enterprise, fostering community input and working to develop consensus. A single person making a decision would run counter to that ideal.The correct answer is: Appointing a single person to adjudicate dispute and make a final decision

Question 58

What kinds of limitations might prevent citizens from participating in the planning process?I.Lack of broadband accessII. Language barriersIII. Sight impairmentIV. Difficulty readinga. All of these are limitations that can prevent citizens from participating in the planning process.
b. I, II, & IV
c. I & II
d. I & IV

Answer 58

All of these limitations may prevent citizens from learning about or participating in the planning process. In fact, over a quarter of adults do not have access to broadband at home, 9% have limited English, and another 19% cannot read a newspaper due to visual or other reading impairments.The correct answer is: All of these are limitations that can prevent citizens from participating in the planning process.

Question 59

Which U.S. Supreme Court case produced a landmark ruling subjecting government agency decisions to judicial review and also spurred the creation of large numbers of citizens groups dedicated to environmental activism?Select one:a. Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
b. Dolan v. City of Tigard
c. Kelo v. City of New London
d. Tahoe Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency

Answer 59

In the 1960s, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park filed suit against U.S. Secretary of Transportation John Volpe after he announced plans to build Interstate 40 through Overton Park in Memphis. The suit claimed that Vollpe was violating section 4(f) of the Dept. of Transportation Act of 1966, which required the government to show there were no “feasible and prudent” alternatives to using public lands, such as parks, when building freeways. In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, leading to a considerable increase in grassroots environmental organizing.The correct answer is: Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe

Question 60

Which planning movement focused on reviving civic centers to attract the wealthy, eradicate social ills, and establish parity for U.S. cities with their European counterparts?Select one:a. City Beautiful
b. Garden City
c. New Town
d. Urban Renewal

Answer 60

The City Beautiful movement sought to achieve these objectives.Proponents of the City Beautiful philosophy believed that aesthetics could have an effect on human behavior and social order. In their view, harmonious, beautiful public spaces would lead to social harmony and increased civic virtue.The correct answer is: City Beautiful

Question 61

All of the following groups of planning philosophies came before the City Humane Movement, except:
Select one:A. City Efficient
B. City Functional
C. City Beautiful
D. Public Health

Answer 61

City Efficient, City Beautiful, and Public Health came before the City Humane Movement. The City Humane Movement occurred in the 1930s. TheCity Functional gained prominence in the 1940s.The correct answer is: City Functional

Question 62

In which case did the respondent argue that the city had violated the Telecommunications Act by discriminating against a commercial enterprise?Select one:a. City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
b. Norwood v. Horney
c. Berman v. Parker
d. Kelo v. City of New London

Answer 62

City of Rancho Palos Verdes established that administrative procedures can remedy violations of the Telecommunications Act, and that an individual cannot force compliance.The correct answer is: City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams

Question 63

Which of the followingstatements are true about the Civil Rights Act? Select one:a. It was first passed in 1962 under President Kennedy.
b. It was first passed in 1968 Under President Johnson.
c. Major amendments were passed in 1965 and 1970.
d. Title VIII of the 1968 Civil Rights Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act.

Answer 63

The correct answer is:Title VIII of the 1968 Civil Rights Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act.The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination and segregation on the basis of race, religion, national origin and gender in the workplace, schools, public accommodations and in federally assisted programs. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin. The Fair Housing Act (FHA) is also known as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.The correct answer is: Title VIII of the 1968 Civil Rights Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act.

Question 64

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit Concept (1929) was published in which of the following plans?Select one:a. Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs
b. Plan for Washington, D.C.
c. Cincinnati Comprehensive Plan
d. Plan for Chicago

Answer 64

The correct answer is theRegional Survey of New York and Its Environs. The intended purpose of the Neighborhood Unit Concept was to create complete neighborhoods, providing convenient access for residents to school and businesses.The correct answer is: Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs

Question 65

The Regional Planning Association of America sought to undertake major regional scale projects, such as the Appalachian Trail. Among the following, who was a co-founder of the Regional Planning Association of America?Select one:a. Clarence Stein
b. Clarence Perry
c. Jane Jacobs
d. Daniel Burnham

Answer 65

Clarence Stein was a co-founder of the Regional Planning Association of America.The correct answer is: Clarence Stein

Question 66

You live in a riverfront community where a proliferation of docks and boats on waterfront properties over the last decade has contributed to a decline in water quality. As part of your comprehensive planning for the community, you want to engage with regulatory authorities about ways to improve water quality on the river. Which organizations should you engage?
Select one:a. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
b. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers
c. The U.S. Department of Commerce
d. The county government

Answer 66

The Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers have regulatory power to prepare rules for navigable waters, and are thus the best answer for this question. The Clean Water Act of 1972 exercised its power to regulate interstate commerce by prohibiting discharges into the nation’s navigable waters. If the body of water can be used to transport goods from one state to another it is covered by the Clean Water Act.The correct answer is: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers

Question 67

Neighborhood advocates in a low-income, economically depressed neighborhood have come to you as the Planning Director in a Florida city. They want your advice on organizing their community to support the expansion of a light rail line into their neighborhood. Which of the following would you advise?Select one:a. Public Hearing
b. Open House
c. Coalition Building
d. Visual Preference Survey

Answer 67

The correct answer is coalition building.In this case, bringing together organizations that support light rail to build a coalition would be most helpful. A open house could be used to inform the public about light rail. A public hearing could be used to express interest to the part of the city council. A visual preference survey would not be helpful because people don’t need to vote on pictures of light rail.The correct answer is: Coalition Building

Question 68

Which of the following are elements of the potential goals of a coalition?I. Influencing or developing public policy, usually around a specific issueII. Changing people’s behaviorIII. Building a healthy communityIV. Advocate for lower fiscal costs in a given regiona. II & III
b. I only
c. II & III
d. I, II, & III

Answer 68

Coalitions often have goals as varied as coalitions themselves, but they often include one or more elements of influencing public policy, changing public behavior, and building healthy community. Coalitions allow for individual groups with a common interest to work together toward their goal(s).The correct answer is: I, II, & III

Question 69

To what level of government are regional councils or councils of government (COGs) accountable?Select one:a. State taxing authorities
b. The National Association of Regional Governments
c. Local government
d. Federal government only

Answer 69

A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs, and they are accountable to local units of government. They can also function as partners for state and federal governments.The correct answer is: Local government

Question 70

You are a Planner II in a suburb that is part of a council of governments (COG). The COG has announced a development moratorium as part of its regional plan. This appears to be in conflict with your city’s current efforts to annex a 150 acre parcel to be used to create an industrial park. As the planner responsible for this project, what should you do first?Select one:a. Call the local newspaper and explain the situation to the editor.
b. Call the COG to discuss the implications of the moratorium on your city’s annexation plans.
c. Ask citizens in the annexation area to protest outside the COG’s offices.
d. Review the draft plan to determine if the moratorium will affect the annexation.

Answer 70

The first step is to understand the facts surrounding the issue. By reviewing the plan, the planner will understand where the proposed moratorium is expected.The correct answer is: Review the draft plan to determine if the moratorium will affect the annexation.

Question 71

What is the difference between a council of Governments (COG) and a regional council?Select one:a. Regional councils have more authority.
b. COGs have more authority.
c. There is essentially no difference.
d. COGs are not truly regional.

Answer 71

There isn’t really a difference. The terms regional council (RC) and council of governments (COG) are generally interchangeable. They might also be called regional planning commissions, regional commissions, or planning districts.The correct answer is: There is essentially no difference.

Question 72

This population estimation method uses the population at the time of the last Census divided into five-year age groups and gender. A death rate is applied to each age group. New groups are created based on birth rates and net migration rates.Select one:a. Symptomatic
b. Linear
c. Cohort Survival
d. Step-down

Answer 72

The Cohort Survival method, also known as the population pyramid, is one of the most detailed population estimation methods.The correct answer is: Cohort Survival

Question 73

You are organizing a committee to consider the future renovation needs of schools throughout a school district. What would be the optimal size for the committee?Select one:a. Nine to 15
b. Five or fewer
c. Six to eight
d. 16 or more

Answer 73

Agreement can become more difficulty with a large number of members, while having at least nine members ensures that all personality types and a diversity of voices are represented. A small committee can at times not bring a broad enough set of interests to the table. In this case, you would want a mix of stakeholders, such as parents, neighbors, teachers, staff, administrators, etc.The correct answer is: Nine to 15

Question 74

Communicative Planning Theory calls for which of the following?Select one:a. Using a scientific process to plan
b. Consensus building
c. Working one-on-one with citizens to develop a plan
d. Viewing planning as a series of incremental steps

Answer 74

The correct answer is consensus building. Using a scientific process to plan is associated with rational planning. Viewing planning as a series of incremental steps is associated with incremental planning. Working one-on-one with citizens to develop a plan is associated with transactive planning.The correct answer is: Consensus building

Question 75

As a planner, you have been working hard to try to resolve a conflict over development along a local river. Environmentalists want to stop all development along the river, while property owners want to be able to build whatever they would like. Local officials are concerned about water quality and the tax base. Which of the following would be most appropriate to use to find a solution to the conflict?Select one:a. Focus Groups
b. Consensus Building
c. Coalition Building
d. Town Hall Meeting

Answer 75

The correct answer is consensus building.Consensus Building asks stakeholders to work together to come to a solution. Coalition Building brings parties who agree together to promote an idea. A Town Hall Meeting is good to identify issues, but in this case, the issue is already known. Focus Groups might be useful in understanding the issue further, but is not the best answer.The correct answer is: Consensus Building

Question 76

Within your city’s extraterritorial jurisdiction there has been a rapid increase in the number of homes built with septic tanks. The city is concerned about the possibility of well water contamination. Which of the following would be the most appropriate regulatory technique?
Select one:a. Conservation zoning
b. Conditional use permit
c. Moratorium
d. Planned unit development

Answer 76

The correct answer is conservation zoning, which requires the clustering of homes while preserving open space. The subdivisions can be designed to protect well water areas by placing septic systems in other areas.The correct answer is: Conservation zoning

Question 77

You are looking at the topographic map for a proposed development site. The slopes are steep, making development a challenge. You are calculating the grade across the site. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about topographic maps?Select one:a. Contour lines do not typically intersect
b. A contour line joins points of equal elevation
c. Contour lines are always curved
d. When contour lines are close together this indicates steepness

Answer 77

Contour lines can be curved, straight, or a mixture of curved and straight depending on the topography of a specific location.The correct answer is: Contour lines are always curved

Question 78

The city has demolished a number of vacant homes over the last ten years, which has led to public concern about the fate of a local building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A neighborhood organization has asked for help in applying to create a National Historic District. Which of the following would be an important factor to consider in preparing an application?Select one:a. The cost to repair the historic homes.
b. The number of contributing buildings.
c. A cost-benefit analysis of becoming a national historic district.
d. The environmental benefits of becoming a national historic district.

Answer 78

For the application to become a National Historic District, it is most important to consider the number of contributing buildings. A survey of all historic buildings in the city and information about particular design styles or notable works are key to recognizing the district as historically significant to the nation.The correct answer is: The number of contributing buildings.

Question 79

You have been working on a major transnational highway project that will connect Mexico to Canada and will run through your region. One critical issue has been identifying funding for this major national transportation project. In your review of potential funding sources, you recognize that CORBOR may be the ideal mechanism to fund this. CORBOR refers to:Select one:a. National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program
b. The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Act
c. The Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program
d. The Center for Rail, Boat, or Road Services

Answer 79

The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program provided funding between 1999 and 2005, but was discontinued under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program. (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/border_planning/corbor/)The correct answer is: National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program

Question 80

Which type of government coordinates plans and programs at the regional level?Select one:a. Council of Governments
b. Rural Transportation Planning Organizations
c. Metropolitan Planning Organizations
d. Regional Planning Association

Answer 80

In the United States, a Council of Government (COG), also known as regional councils, regional commissions, regional planning commissions, and planning districts, serve as regional governing or coordinating bodies.Metropolitan Planning organizations are focused on transportation planning, while COGs have a broader scope, often including air quality, water quality, or affordable housing.The correct answer is: Council of Governments

Question 81

You are preparing design standards to guide the redevelopment an urban district that has seen significant interest from developers. The existing residents are most concerned about the safety of the commercial corridor in the district. Which of the following would be best to include in the standards?Select one:a. Paint colors.
b. Streetscape standards.
c. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Designprinciples.
d. Design of transit stops.

Answer 81

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is the best answer. CPTED offers a safety-based approach to the design of the environment, including features such as lines of sight and lighting. An American Planning Association Policy Guide on Security provides for best practices in designing secure spaces https://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/security.htmThe correct answer is: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Designprinciples.

Question 82

The mayor is focused on downtown development strategies that will attract the creative class. Which of the following attributes are most likely to attract more creative workers?I. Higher educational institutionsII. Significant existing employment in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, arts, design, and mediaIII. A diverse communityIV. Technology infrastructureSelect one:a. II and IV
b. I and III
c. I and II
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 82

Richard Florida, author of The Rise of the Creative Class, argues that for a city to attract the Creative Class it must possess “the three ‘Ts”: Talent (a highly talented/educated/skilled population), Tolerance (a diverse community, which has a ‘live and let live’ ethos), and Technology (the technological infrastructure necessary to fuel an entrepreneurial culture).The correct answer is: I, II, III, and IV

Question 83

You are undertaking a survey to assess whether opinions about public transit service will change when a new policy is implemented. You are undertaking a:Select one:a. Longitudinal survey
b. Cross sectional survey
c. Mail or telephone survey
d. Sampling survey

Answer 83

You are undertaking a longitudinal survey—a survey over time—which is implied by the question since you are assessing how opinions will change. A cross-sectional survey is a type of survey that involves the analysis of data collected from a representative subset of a population at one specific point in time.The correct answer is: Longitudinal survey

Question 84

How does the Delphi technique encourage consensus among participants?I. Participants fill out a questionnaire and, after hearing one another’s replies, are then encouraged to revise their answers. The range of answers are decreased over time.II. Small groups are formed to each focus on a design solution for a specific area with a design professional facilitating the conversation.III. Participants rank solutions after brainstorming as a group and then discuss all the rankings, with the possibility of adding new ideas or combinations of ideas.IV. A neutral third party facilitates discussion in multiple stages to help groups reach consensus.a. None of these encourage consensus among participants.
b. I
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II

Answer 84

II describes the design charrette method; III describes the nominal group technique; and IV describes the mediation method. Only I explains how the Delphi technique encourages group members to achieve consensus by revising their answers to hypothetical questionnaires.The correct answer is: I

Question 85

Which of the following is not true of the Delphi technique?Select one:a. It is a technique that can be used to develop consensus on an issue.
b. It uses a group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body.
c. This technique relies on input from individuals with different types of knowledge.
d. Successive rounds of questions are used.

Answer 85

The Delphi technique does not use a group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body.A group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body is known as a Citizen Advisory Committee (also known by other names in each community). It is not necessary to have a group of appointed citizens to participate in the Delphi technique.The correct answer is: It uses a group of appointed citizens to advise the governing body.

Question 86

Which of the following bodies is responsible for the review of historic preservation applications at the federal level?Select one:a. Department of Health and Human Services
b. Department of the Interior
c. Department of Housing and Urban Development
d. Department of Commerce

Answer 86

The Department of the Interior is responsible for the National Park Service, which is responsible for overseeing the National Register of Historic Places.The correct answer is: Department of the Interior

Question 87

You have been asked to prepare a demographic profile for the economic development department. You are training an intern in demographics and you explain that the equation [(children + elderly)/(working age population)] is known as the:Select one:a. Dependency Ratio
b. Cohort Survival Ratio
c. Independency Ratio
d. Birth/Death Ratio

Answer 87

The dependency ratio is a ratio of dependents. Those who are younger than 15 and those older than 64 to represent the working age population. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working age population.The correct answer is: Dependency Ratio

Question 88

If you have data about a population, which of the following types of statistics could you use to describe your data?
Select one:a. Descriptive
b. Inferential using sample data
c. T-test
d. All of the above

Answer 88

The correct answer is descriptive. Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics (or inductive statistics) in that descriptive statistics aim to summarize a sample, rather than use the data to learn about the population that the sample of data is thought to represent.The correct answer is: Descriptive

Question 89

You are developing a site plan for a new mixed use neighborhood. The neighborhood is based on the neighborhood unit concept. You have placed a school in the center of the neighborhood. You are now working on the street network. Which of the following streets would be most appropriate to place adjacent to the elementary school? Select one:a. Local
b. Major arterial
c. Connector
d. Main street

Answer 89

A local street is designed to service land uses such as single family homes, and will generally slow traffic speeds and provide for active transportation trips.The correct answer is: Local

Question 90

You are preparing a zoning ordinance amendment that will include specific design criteria for new large scale retail development. In the staff report outlining the changes to the zoning ordinance you emphasize:Select one:a. The legal basis for enforcing the design standards.
b. The criteria will advance the quality of life of the community.
c. The architectural character of the community will be reflected in this new development.
d. The criteria should be so expensive to implement that it will persuade large scale retailers, such as Wal-Mart, not to move into the city.

Answer 90

The legal basis for the zoning ordinance amendment is critical to include. Zoning for the purposes of aesthetics is a valid public purpose, and the staff report should reflect any state statutes or other legal basis for putting in place these standards. While architecture character and quality of life are relevant in the report, the legal basis is the best answer.The correct answer is: The legal basis for enforcing the design standards.

Question 91

You are working on a complex planned unit development project. This project includes more than 1,000 acres, of which a portion is unimproved—i.e., lacking infrastructure. According to the county’s comprehensive plan, a planned arterial roadway would run through the property. As part of the land planning process, the county institutes a _______________ to ensure adequate infrastructure.Select one:a. Development agreement
b. Special use permit
c. Subdivision regulation
d. Impact fee

Answer 91

A development agreement can be used to clarify what infrastructure will be provided as part of a development. Impact fees can also be instituted to pay for off-site improvements. However, since this improvement is on-site, the better answer is a development agreement.The correct answer is: Development agreement

Question 92

You are preparing to undertake a simple statistical analysis based on collected economic data. You have a variable that has a finite number of values. This is known as a ___________ variable.Select one:a. Dichotomous
b. Quantitative
c. Discrete
d. Continuous

Answer 92

The correct answer is discrete variable. A discrete variable can take a finite number of values. Examples are counts, like number of traffic collisions. A dichotomous variable has only two values, typically zero and 1. This is also known as a binary variable.The correct answer is: Discrete

Question 93

You work for a city of 5,000 with a historic town square and a county courthouse in the center of the city. Which of the following could be key considerations for your downtown commercial district? I. Historic PreservationII. Parking CapacityIII. WayfindingIV. Small Business PromotionSelect one:a. I only
b. II only
c. III and IV
d. All of these could be key considerations.

Answer 93

All of these would be factors to consider in ensuring a healthy downtown commercial district in a historic community.The correct answer is: All of these could be key considerations.

Question 94

You are working on developing a neighborhood plan for the southeastern portion of the city. This neighborhood has the lowest household income in the city. Initially you would like to survey residents about the problems in the area and generate ideas about potential improvements. Which type of survey would be most appropriate?Select one:a. Electronic
b. Drop-off
c. Phone
d. Mail

Answer 94

The correct answer is drop-off. A drop-off survey would be the best choice because you could leave the survey at neighborhood homes and businesses, allowing residents to complete them at their convenience. By dropping off the survey you would have personal contact with the residents. A drop-off survey would have a higher response rate than a mail survey. Given that the area is low-income, electronic and phone would be poor choices because not everyone would have access to a telephone or the Internet.The correct answer is: Drop-off

Question 95

What are the advantages of using visioning in a comprehensive planning process?Select one:a. It keeps implementation moving forward and citizens will be motivated to keep track of actions proposed to achieve the vision they helped create.
b. It serves as a catalyst and brings residents together in new ways.
c. These are all advantages of visioning.
d. It keeps the process on track and citizens can make sure the rest of the process addresses vision achievement.

Answer 95

The purpose of visioning is to build consensus, and all the answers list advantages of visioning.Some disadvantages of visioning: it adds to the cost of the planning process, because it is an intensive public participation effort; it can create unrealistic expectations that the government can’t fulfill; and it is dependent on a facilitator.The correct answer is: These are all advantages of visioning.

Question 96

You are a planner in charge of coordinating an Environmental Impact Statement required for a proposed highway extension. You are aware that the EIS will need to include considerations of environmental justice, but you are unsure what that exactly entails. To ensure that your approach gives adequate attention to environmental justice, which of the following steps are necessary?I. Require that past environmental injustices in the area be mitigated before the project can proceedII. Determine whether minority populations, low-income populations, or Indian tribes are presentIII. Develop an effective public participation strategy that assures meaningful community representation IV. Ensure that all relevant demographic, public health, and industry data are analyzed with respect to the potential for exposure to human health or environmental hazards
Select one:a. II, III, and IV
b. I and IV only
c. II and III only
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 96

Concerns regarding environmental justice build upon Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A formal federal policy on environmental justice was established in 1994, and in 1995 the U.S. Department of Transportation issued its Order to Address Environmental Justice. It states that consideration of environmental justice issues must be considered during preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). These considerations include documentation, data analysis, and public participation, but not mitigation of past environmental injustices.The correct answer is: II, III, and IV

Question 97

As a Federal Planner with the Department of Defense, you are responsible for an environmental restoration project at a military base. You are developing a public participation plan for engaging the military base as well as the stakeholders in the base’s surrounding communities. Which of the following should be the main principle guiding public participation?

Select one:a. Selected community groups should be asked to designate a representative to attend meetings.
b. The Department of Defense (DOD) should create a website that the public can access to keep apprised of the restoration process.
c. DOD needs to have control over who participates in the public engagement process, given that the location is a military base.
d. Resources, information, and training should be widely available so that all stakeholders are able to participate in decision making.

Answer 97

The correct answer is “Resources, information, and training should be widely available so that all stakeholders are able to participate in decision making.”When asking public engagement questions, the answer at the highest level of public engagement, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation,” is usually the correct answer.The correct answer is: Resources, information, and training should be widely available so that all stakeholders are able to participate in decision making.

Question 98

Your AICP certification was revoked five years ago and you wish to seek reinstatement. How would you pursue reinstatement?Select one:a. Pay your past AICP dues.
b. Apply to take the AICP Examination.
c. Submit a petition to the AICP Ethics Officer.
d. Submit a petition to the AICP Ethics Committee.

Answer 98

The AICP Code of Ethics states, “Any Certified Planner whose membership or certification is revoked may petition the Ethics Committee for reinstatement no sooner than five years from the time of revocation.”The correct answer is: Submit a petition to the AICP Ethics Committee.

Question 99

Which of the following does not adhere to the AICP Code of Ethics?Select one:a. Competent work
b. Protecting the environment
c. Accepting a bribe
d. Service in the public interest

Answer 99

Accepting a bribe would violate the conflict of interest portion of the AICP Code of Ethics, which states, “We shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from our client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household, unless our client or employer, after full written disclosure from us, consents in writing to the arrangement.”The correct answer is: Accepting a bribe

Question 100

You are the Planning Director for a suburban planning department. Your brother wants to purchase land for a new office tower and he asks you to advise him about the planning process. He also wants you to represent him before the City Council if a rezoning is needed. What should you do?Select one:a. Advise your brother about the planning process and offer your expertise to him. However, decline to represent him in any official way to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.
b. Give your brother general advice about the planning process, but let him know that it might be perceived as a conflict of interest for you to be involved any further in the deal.
c. Assist your brother in negotiating the deal with the developers and act as his representative with the developer. However, decline to serve as his representative to the city for the rezoning case.
d. Agree to assist your brother with all aspects of the deal making process.

Answer 100

You can advise your brother about the planning process the same way that you would for any customer that would visit your office. The AICP Code of Ethics states, “We shall deal fairly with all participants in the planning process. Those of us who are public officials or employees shall also deal evenhandedly with all planning process participants.”The correct answer is: Advise your brother about the planning process and offer your expertise to him. However, decline to represent him in any official way to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.

Question 101

According to the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, planners shall seek social justice by working to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged, and to promote racial and economic integration. Which of the following theoretical perspectives most influenced this principle?Select one:a. Rational planning
b. Communicative planning
c. Transactive planning
d. Advocacy planning

Answer 101

Advocacy planning, an idea championed by Paul Davidoff, emphasized the importance of planning for the needs of diverse groups of stakeholders in the community.The correct answer is: Advocacy planning

Question 102

You are the Planning Director of a medium-sized city. You have been challenged in the media and by local business groups for your views on economic development incentives. You are opposed to providing incentives to retailers and service providers that do not generate basic jobs. The City Council has asked you to develop an economic development strategy that includes incentives for retailers. This is completely against your beliefs. What should you do?Select one:a. Notify the media about the issue
b. Prepare the report outlining the options for incentives and the pros and cons associated with the incentive options
c. Pass the project to a junior staff member
d. Resign from your position

Answer 102

The AICP Code calls for the use of professional competence. In this case, you understand the role of job creation and the reasons why creating incentives for certain types of businesses and not others are logical. Although your report might go against what the city wants, you will be presenting factual evidence for your position, and the city will be able to then make the choice they want.The correct answer is: Prepare the report outlining the options for incentives and the pros and cons associated with the incentive options

Question 103

The planning director is asked to play in a charity golf tournament sponsored by a local historic preservation nonprofit. The director should:Select one:a. Volunteer on the organizing committee
b. Decline the event
c. Attend the event
d. Attend, but don’t participate by playing golf

Answer 103

You should attend the event. This invitation is from the organization and there is no specific conflict of interest by participating.The correct answer is: Attend the event

Question 104

You are the planner for a small city. You have been asked by the Chamber of Commerce to make a presentation at a luncheon on your views on economic development versus environmental protection. This is currently a very hot topic in your city. You are known in the community as an environmental advocate. You know that your opinions are often at odds with the Chamber of Commerce and you believe your job is in danger because of a shift in the membership of the City Council. You accept the opportunity to present before the Chamber and decide to focus your presentation on the economic value of environmental protection. Is this in violation of the AICP Code of Ethics?a. No, but it is in violation of the APA Ethical Standards
b. Yes, but you should proceed anyway because you are already committed to it
c. Yes. You should cancel your presentation
d. No

Answer 104

Demonstrating the values of environmental preservation in terms that the Council will understand is a valuable way to present the argument in terms that others will understand.The correct answer is: No

Question 105

You are faced with an ethical dilemma and struggling to decide what you should do. What is the best course of action?Select one:a. Talk to your human resources director.
b. Seek informal advice from the APA Ethics Officer.
c. File a complaint of misconduct.
d. Talk to a fellow AICP member and seek their advice.

Answer 105

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, “Any person with a question about whether specific conduct conforms to the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct may seek informal advice from the Ethics Officer. Any such person should contact the Ethics Officer to arrange a time to discuss the issue.”The correct answer is: Seek informal advice from the APA Ethics Officer.

Question 106

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the duties of a planner to ensure enforcement of the AICP Code of Ethics?Select one:a. A planner who desires to file a charge of misconduct has an obligation to do so pursuant to the procedures under the AICP Code of Ethics.
b. A planner should contact the area AICP advisor to determine if there may be a violation of the AICP Code of Ethics.
c. The AICP Director reviews all charges of misconduct.
d. A planner should report violations to the media. The planner does not need to report ethical violations to the media.

Answer 106

The planner does not need to report ethical violations to the media.The correct answer is: A planner should report violations to the media.

Question 107

Concerning honesty in the use of information, which of the following is NOT true?Select one:a. In some situations, you must not provide full information.
b. You should withhold information about land use codes from developers.
c. Accurate information should be provided in planning reports.
d. You should communicate ethical standards to clients, employers, and the public.

Answer 107

Land use codes are public information and, thus, information should not be withheld.

The correct answer is: You should withhold information about land use codes from developers.

Question 108

You are the Planning Director of a major metropolitan planning department, and the Mayor calls you into a private meeting with a developer. The Mayor explains how this developer is planning a major project for the city that will result in significant job creation and increased property tax revenue. After the meeting, the Mayor makes it clear that the planning department is not to cause any delay in the approval of this development or it could mean a negative employment review. After leaving the meeting what should you do?a. Draft a letter to the City Manager and City Council denouncing the Mayor’s efforts to allow development through on an easy track
b. Send a letter to the developer, copying the Mayor outlining the specific requirements for permitting approval noting the fastest way to achieve permit approval and noting that you are available for consultation to ensure the project moves forward as quickly as possible
c. Resign immediately, as you don’t want to be caught up in the good ole’ boy system where development is allowed to slide by the rules
d. Let your staff know that all application materials related to this case should come to you so you can make sure you sign off on the application

Answer 108

In this case, there is no ethical issue at this point in time. While the Planing Director might have felt threatened, in fact the Mayor simply requested that the department provide a high level of customer service. The Planning Director should ensure the developer understands the rules and has the opportunity to consult with staff to make sure the project can move forward in a timely manner. As this project moves forward, there might come a point where there is an ethical conflict. If this happens, the Planning Director will be in a strong position to describe how they have done everything possible to ensure that the project moves forward quickly while meeting city requirements.The correct answer is: Send a letter to the developer, copying the Mayor outlining the specific requirements for permitting approval noting the fastest way to achieve permit approval and noting that you are available for consultation to ensure the project moves forward as quickly as possible

Question 109

As a sole practice consultant with expertise in aviation planning, you have been seeking to grow your practice. At a recent networking event, you met a nonprofit director interested in undertaking a health indicators project. You indicate you would be a perfect fit and have strong interest in the topic. You have no experience or training on health indicators, but assume that you can learn over the course of the project. Would this represent a violation of the AICP Code of Ethics?a. No, as a planner you have experience and training in performance indicators and believe you could translate this experience to a new topic area in health.
b. Yes, as a planner you have misrepresented your qualifications.
c. No, as a planner you are constantly working in areas that are outside of your explicit expertise and it is fine to learn on the job.
d. Yes, as a planner you have an obligation to uphold the public interest.

Answer 109

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall neither deliberately, nor with reckless indifference, misrepresent the qualifications, views and findings of other professionals.” In this case, because you as a sole practitioner have no experience in health indicators, describing yourself as a perfect fit misrepresents your qualifications.The correct answer is: Yes, as a planner you have misrepresented your qualifications.

Question 110

Which of the following is true about moonlighting?a. Working at a bookstore on weekends is an example of an acceptable moonlighting position.
b. Engaging in cases for a consulting firm is not moonlighting if the consulting firm is explicitly made aware of your outside employment.
c. Moonlighting is not a term that is used in the AICP Code of Ethics.
d. You do not need permission from your employer to engage in moonlighting.

Answer 110

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.” Moonlighting is acceptable, but it should be in a position that does not conflict with your primary employment and permission is needed from your employer.The correct answer is: Working at a bookstore on weekends is an example of an acceptable moonlighting position.

Question 111

You are a senior planner with a major consulting firm. You are responsible for completing a request for proposals for a county that has requested that the firm prepare a zoning ordinance. You feel overwhelmed with projects and do not believe you will have time to adequately prepare the zoning ordinance if the firm receives the contract. What should you do?a. Decline the contract due to your current workload.
b. Work overtime and try to juggle the projects.
c. If the firm gets the contract, you’ll find an assistant to help you get all of your work done.
d. Negotiate with the county to push back the start date on the project.

Answer 111

Given this project is at the request for proposal stage, it is best not to submit a response to the request for proposal. If the workload became overwhelming after submitting the proposal and selection, then it would be appropriate to talk to the county about the start date or hire another qualified planner or to withdraw at that time.The correct answer is: Decline the contract due to your current workload.

Question 112

As the planner for a small village, you have responsibility for planning and code enforcement. In your own neighborhood, you have noticed that several of your neighbors have code enforcement violations. What would be the best way to handle this situation?a. Go to the village manager and explain the violations and ask how they want it handled.
b. Issue the citations directly to the property owners.
c. Ask a staff member in another area of the village to handle the violations that you are reporting.
d. Do nothing unless another resident reports the violations.

Answer 112

Because you are a property owner, you might benefit from the enforcement of codes in your own neighborhood. Because you might benefit, you should not be the person handling the case without first consulting with your supervisor, who can provide in writing the appropriate enforcement action. The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from our client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, our family members, or persons living in our household, unless our client or employer, after full written disclosure from us, consents in writing to the arrangement.”The Code of Ethics resolves a situation like this—where a planner might receive a benefit from a planning action—by having the planner obtain approval from a client or employer. The choice of “Ask a staff member in another area of the village to handle the violations that you are reporting” is also incorrect because it assumes that the planner has the authority to assign work to other planners. The correct answer is: Go to the village manager and explain the violations and ask how they want it handled.

Question 113

An ethical planner principally serves:a. Personal interests
b. The client’s interest
c. The employer’s interest
d. The public interest

Answer 113

According to the APA’s Ethical Principles in Planning, “The planning process must continuously pursue and faithfully serve the public interest.”The correct answer is: The public interest

Question 114

Over the last month, the city’s Planning Director has interviewed for a position as a managing partner with a consulting firm in another state. The director did not notify the city attorney or city manager about the potential position. Which of the following is true?a. ThePlanning Director’s actions do not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.
b. ThePlanning Director’s actions violate the APA Principles for Ethical Conduct.
c. ThePlanning Director’s actions are illegal.
d. ThePlanning Director’s actions violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Answer 114

Interviewing for another job does not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, nor is it illegal.The correct answer is: ThePlanning Director’s actions do not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Question 115

The city is considering a new zoning requirement that would require a ten-foot setback from waterways. In preparing the ordinance amendment for presentation to the planning commission and city council, you use which of the following to present a spatial analysis of the impact of the ordinance?Select one:a. Geodesic buffer
b. Polygon
c. Vector data model
d. Euclidean buffer

Answer 115

A Euclidean buffer measures the distance in a two-dimensional Cartesian plan—calculating straight line distances. This type of buffer works well when working at a city scale, and because this is a standard distance, from waterways, a buffer makes more sense. A geodesic buffer accounts for the curvature of the earth and would be used when the map projection is at a large regional scale or global scale. A polygon connects specific points. A vector data model is an overarching term that would cover buffering, overlays, distance measurement, and spatial statistics.The correct answer is: Euclidean buffer

Question 116

Which city is home to the first historic preservation commission in the United States?Select one:a. San Francisco
b. San Diego
c. New York
d. New Orleans

Answer 116

New Orleans created the nation’s first historic commission in 1924.The correct answer is: New Orleans

Question 117

Which of these is not an example of a second proof point in a Message Pyramid?a. An endorsement of planning from an allied group.
b. A factual statement about the benefits of planning.
c. A startling statistic.
d. An amplification of the core statement.

Answer 117

The correct answer is a factual statement about the benefits of planning. A factual statement about the benefits of planning is the first proof point, which backs up the key message, in the Message Pyramid. A startling statistic, an endorsement of planning from an allied group, and an amplification of the core statement are all examples of a second proof point in a Message Pyramid.The correct answer is: A factual statement about the benefits of planning.

Question 118

The City Council is considering a proposal to annex 200 acres of land into the city. At a public hearing, citizens voice concerns that the city currently has a deficit and that the new development won’t generate enough tax revenue to pay for the needed police, fire, and solid waste services the city would have to provide for the area. Which cost analysis method would be most appropriate for the city planner to use to study the potential fiscal effects of the proposed annexation?Select one:a. Cost-effectiveness analysis
b. Cost of community services study
c. Fiscal impact analysis
d. Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 118

Fiscal impact analysis is the best answer. The purpose of fiscal impact analysis is to estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development. Cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis usually refer to the evaluation of projects, policies, or programs. The term costs of community services (COCS) is a broader term that uses fiscal impact analysis to determine whether various forms of land use contribute to, or detract from, local government budgets.The correct answer is: Fiscal impact analysis

Question 119

You are undertaking a master planning process for a large university. The university has determined that it wants to eliminate all parking from the central part of campus and move it to to the western edge of campus. Drivers would then access most of the campus by bus. You know that this will be a controversial issue. As part of your public engagement process, you use the following to gather the most effective feedback.Select one:a. Send out a newsletter describing the proposal and how the university plans to move forward.
b. Hold a town hall style meeting to debate the parking proposal.
c. Organize a series of focus groups to discuss how people get to campus now and how they would benefit or be negatively impacted by the proposal.
d. Create an online survey asking people the degree to which they would support the parking proposal.

Answer 119

The correct answer is “Organize a series of focus groups to discuss how people get to campus now and how they would benefit or be negatively impacted by the proposal.” When asking public engagement questions, the answer at the highest level of public engagement, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation,” is usually the correct answer. Moreover,for a sensitive subject such as this, it would be important to understand the potential impacts and benefits. By speaking in small groups, ideas can be discussed and alternatives debated that can inform the plan’s creation.The correct answer is: Organize a series of focus groups to discuss how people get to campus now and how they would benefit or be negatively impacted by the proposal.

Question 120

Which form of zoning prescribes development standards, rather than use standards?Select one:a. Overlay zoning
b. Euclidean zoning
c. Form-based zoning
d. Traditional neighborhood development zoning

Answer 120

The correct answer is form-based zoning. Form-based zoning focuses on defining desired development patterns and allows the market to determine the use.The correct answer is: Form-based zoning

Question 121

As part of the region’s visioning process you have organized a Future Search, what task would not be involved?Select one:a. Creating a group mind map
b. Identifying highly differentiated points of view
c. Identifying common futures
d. Creating a group cognitive overlay

Answer 121

Future Search is a 2.5-day event designed to result in a common vision of the future. The event is organized into five tasks of approximately 3-4 hours each.The correct answer is: Creating a group cognitive overlay

Question 122

The city is considering whether to spend $300,000 on a building addition this year. However, the City Council is debating whether it makes more sense to spend the $300,000 now or whether it makes more sense to wait four years when the expected cost for the addition would be $500,000. You have been asked to provide a fiscal analysis that provides support for which would be the best choice. You assume a ten percent discount rate. What is your recommendation to the council?Select one:a. You recommend to the City Council not to proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would not exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.
b. You recommend to the City Council not to proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.
c. You recommend to the City Council that they proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.
d. You recommend to the City Council that they proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would not exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.

Answer 122

The future value equation is FV = PV (1 + r)^n,where PV is current value ($300,000), r is the discount (or interest) rate, 0.10, and n is the number of years (4).So, the future value of $300,000 at this interest rate is $300,000 x (1.10)^4 = $300,000 x 1.464 = $439,200.The reverse, the present value of $500,000 four years from now, is $500,000/ 1.464 = $341,530.So, if you waited four years and spent $500,000, it would cost you $41,530 more in today’s equivalentvalue (at the discount rate of 10%) than if you spent $300,000 today.The correct answer is: You recommend to the City Council that they proceed with the addition now, because the future value of the funds would not exceed the expected cost of the addition in four years.

Question 123

There are two main types of local governments. What is the key distinction?Select one:a. City vs. County
b. General Purpose vs. Single Purpose
c. State Authorized vs. Historical
d. Regulatory vs. Administrative

Answer 123

Two types of local governments are 1) general-purpose local government, which includes counties and townships, and 2) single-purpose, which includes school districts and fire districts.The correct answer is: General Purpose vs. Single Purpose

Question 124

The _____________ is expressed as births per 1,000 persons calculated by the number of recorded live births in a year, divided by the mid-year female population between the ages of 15 and 44.Select one:a. General Fertility Rate
b. Women’s Fertility Rate
c. Raw Birth Rate
d. Age-Specific Birth Rate

Answer 124

The General Fertility Rate is the number of live births per 1000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 years.The correct answer is: General Fertility Rate

Question 125

Government regulation of land use at the local level is typically accomplished by which of the following:Select one:a. Zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, and restrictive covenants
b. Zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations
c. State-level court system
d. Nuisance laws

Answer 125

Communities have both zoning and subdivision regulations to manage land use. Nuisance laws are not always about regulating land use, and restrictive covenants are private restrictions.State-level court systems can determine the legality of local laws, and therefore have some effect on the regulatory system, but are not the best answer to the question.The correct answer is: Zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations

Question 126

As a county planner in Alaska, you have a planning area of approximately 1,000 square miles. You have been trying to identify a participatory approach that would maximize engagement with residents during the county’s comprehensive planning process, and consider electronic technology to support meetings at a distance. After reviewing the possibilities, you believe your best option is:Select one:a. Groupware
b. Hotline
c. Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis
d. Participatory Rural Appraisal

Answer 126

The correct answer is groupware. Groupware includes a variety of electronic technologies that support virtual collaboration. These techniques use hardware, software, or internet technology to allow for sophisticated collaboration activities.The correct answer is: Groupware

Question 127

You have been undertaking a planning process to address the challenges created by vacant properties in your city of 300,000. You found that 5 percent of the housing across the city is vacant and half are in serious disrepair. Some neighborhoods have no vacancy and others have significant vacancy. You are now preparing for a presentation to the city council with a recommendation that Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) funding be allocated to address the vacant housing problem.Which would be the most effective in conveying the results?Select one:a. A heat map that shows the variation in concentrations of vacant housing across the city
b. A map of the city, showing the locations of the individual vacant properties
c. A chart showing that 5% of housing is vacant
d. A photomontage of vacant properties

Answer 127

The correct answer is a heat map. A heat map would illustrate the areas of the city where vacant housing is most concentrated. Because 5% is a relatively low number, it would be less impactful in a chart. A citywide map would not be at a scale small enough to show individual properties. A photomontage would help illustrate the issue, and could be used in combination with a heat map, but a heat map is the best answer here.The correct answer is: A heat map that shows the variation in concentrations of vacant housing across the city

Question 128

What scientific measurement tracks environmental conditions over time?Select one:a. Point pollution
b. Environmental assessment
c. Environmental impact statement
d. Environmental indicator

Answer 128

An environmental indicator is a scientific measurement that tracks environmental conditions over time.The correct answer is: Environmental indicator

Question 129

The Message Pyramid contains three key elements to use in communicating a clear and concise message to the public, in the following order (from first to last):a. Key Message → First Proof → Second Proof
b. First Proof → Second Proof → Key Message
c. First Proof → Bridge → Second Proof
d. Key Message → Bridge → First Proof

Answer 129

The key message comes first to provide a clear and consistent statement, followed by the two “proof layers” to back up and reinforce this statement. Bridging is a technique used by planners to reframe controversial issues.The correct answer is: Key Message → First Proof → Second Proof

Question 130

Most states require local governments to adopt annual budgets. Which of the following is most important for local governments in the budgeting process?Select one:a. Consider long range capital facility and operating costs
b. Forecast revenue and expenditure estimates into the future
c. Determine long-term costs and benefits of adding personnel
d. All of these choices are correct

Answer 130

All of these answers are an important part of the budgeting process. Budgeting is like a planning process: it must consider in long-term consequences.The correct answer is: All of these choices are correct

Question 131

You have been the only planner in a small but rapidly growing town, and it is time to expand the staff. You sit down with the Human Resources Director to create a plan for a staff that could grow to six people. Which of the following would be most appropriate to discuss as a starting point?Select one:a. Recruitment Plan
b. Performance Assessments
c. Classification Scheme
d. Professional Development

Answer 131

All of these are items to be discussed with the HR director; but initially, it would be best to start with a discussion of the classification scheme. This is about the kinds of employees you would have and the job titles they would have. Once you know the positions, you would then be better positioned to discuss recruitment, professional development, and performance assessment.The correct answer is: Classification Scheme

Question 132

Which of the following would be a legally closed session by a planning commission?Select one:a. Rezoning application
b. Final plat approval
c. Review of a conditional use permit
d. Consultation with the City Attorney about commission procedures

Answer 132

The planning commission cannot discuss any public hearing items in a private session.The correct answer is: Consultation with the City Attorney about commission procedures

Question 133

As the only planner in a rapidly developing town, you are undertaking the town’s first comprehensive plan. You want to make sure you conduct a _______________ to analyze the geologic, hydrologic, soil, and other physical data to understand the potential for land development.Select one:a. environmental impact analysis
b. land development analysis
c. land capability analysis
d. fiscal impact analysis

Answer 133

A land capability analysis assesses the suitability of land for development.The correct answer is: land capability analysis

Question 134

Which of the following are the sources of land use law in the United States?Select one:a. Zoning and subdivision regulation
b. Common law, the constitution, and statutes
c. The legislature and the courts
d. All of the above

Answer 134

Common law, the constitution, and statutes are the commonly recognized sources of land use law in the United States. Zoning and subdivision regulations are enabled by state statutes.The correct answer is: Common law, the constitution, and statutes

Question 135

The physical features of a site include each of the following except:Select one:a. Land value
b. Microclimate
c. Hydrology
d. Geology

Answer 135

The physical features are items that pertain to the land and environment, such as geology, hydrology, and microclimate. Land value is not a physical feature.The correct answer is: Land value

Question 136

The role of the federal government in supporting citizens through large-scale aid programs has shifted in the history of the United States. When did large-scale aid programs begin?Select one:a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1910s
d. 1930s

Answer 136

In the 1930s, large-scale federal aid programs were instituted to spur recovery from the Great Depression.The correct answer is: 1930s

Question 137

You have been trying to engage with local media as a planner working for a mid-sized city. One widely-circulate local news source is clearly biased against planning and even antagonistic toward local planning efforts. What actions would be inappropriate while publicizing an upcoming planning event?

Select one:a. Discontinue outreach to the news agency.
b. Invite reporters from the news agency to the planning event.
c. Offer background briefings with your office.
d. Continue to send press releases and news announcements.

Answer 137

It would be inappropriate to cut off outreach to the antagonistic news outlet.It is important to keep the media apprised of planning activities, even if planners detect bias. Regardless of how a planner or planning agency is treated, it is essential to remain professional. Planners should always show interest and willingness to meet with the media to ensure that they are not seen as uncooperative. Even if a publication has not shown interest in planning, they should not be excluded them the distribution list when there is communications outreach.The correct answer is: Discontinue outreach to the news agency.

Question 138

A representative from the League of United Latin American Citizens has come forward raising concerns about the lack of engagement in the Hispanic community. Which of the following is the reason the representative gives as an example of her concern?Select one:a. Relying solely on elected officials in decision making processes
b. Inviting community representatives to serve on advisory committees
c. Regular attendance of planning staff at neighborhood association meetings
d. The inclusion of neighborhood representatives in the planning process

Answer 138

The correct answer is “Relying solely on elected officials in decision making processes.”Elected officials are intended to represent the interests of their constituents, but this is a passive form of public engagement. The other responses listed in the answer represent active forms of public engagement. When answering questions about public engagement on the AICP Exam, always choose the answer corresponding the Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation.” In this case, the question was seeking the answer that would be lowest on Arnstein’s Ladder, because it involves the lowest amount of participation by the public. (The League of United Latin American Citizens seeks to advance the economic condition, educational attainment, and civil rights of Hispanics in the United States.)The correct answer is: Relying solely on elected officials in decision making processes

Question 139

You are preparing a town hall meeting to discuss hazard mitigation. Which of the following would be the best way to encourage participation?Select one:a. Posting flyers at the library and other meeting locations
b. Appearing on the local morning news show to discuss the meeting
c. Meeting announcement in the local newspaper
d. Postcards mailed to residents

Answer 139

All of these are methods that could be used to elicit participation. The mailer is the method that allows for the broadest contact with residents. It is likely that you would pursue a mix of methods to ensure broad awareness of the meeting.The correct answer is: Postcards mailed to residents

Question 140

A mean is a proper summary of the central tendency of the following types of data: 1) nominal; 2) ordinal; 3) interval; and 4) ratio:Select one:a. 1 and 2
b. 3 and 4
c. 2, 3, and 4
d. All four

Answer 140

A mean is only appropriate for interval and ratio scale data. The values of nominal data just represent categories and in and of themselves are meaningless. The values given to the ranks for ordinal data similarly are not appropriate for computations.The correct answer is: 3 and 4

Question 141

What is a Message Pyramid? a. A way of communicating a message to the public using a clear statement and evidence to support your statement.
b. A style of responding to reporters when they try to take the conversation off topic.
c. A way of representing data to the public by reporting a statistic and anecdotal evidence.
d. A method for achieving consensus among community residents.

Answer 141

The Message Pyramid is a technique for communicating clearly to the public. The Message Pyramid involves delivering a concise key statement that creates an environment and belief system for the audience. This statement is followed by two pieces of evidence: one that supports the benefits of planning and one that amplifies the first using data or evidence.The correct answer is: A way of communicating a message to the public using a clear statement and evidence to support your statement.

Question 142

As a regional planner, you have been working with the local governments in the region to protect the scenic character of an important highway. You are engaging the communities along the highway in a corridor planning process. Which of the following programs guidelines would be most appropriate to use in preparing the corridor plan?Select one:a. Department of Transportation Enhancement Program
b. National Scenic Byway Program
c. Consolidated Plan
d. Moving Ahead for Progress for the 21st Century

Answer 142

The National Scenic Byway Program provides guidelines for preparing scenic corridor plans. The National Scenic Byways Program is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration. Established in Title 23, Section 162 of the United States Code under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and reauthorized and expanded significantly in 1998 under The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century and again under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users in 2005. However the program was not renewed again after 2005.The correct answer is: National Scenic Byway Program

Question 143

A neighborhood is struggling to determine how they want a new community center to look. What method of structuring public participation is most appropriate to solve this conflict?a. Visual preference survey
b. Brainstorming
c. Mediation
d. Public hearing

Answer 143

The correct answer is a visual preference survey. A visual preference survey best determines aggregate resident preferences, especially around the physical look of the natural and built environments. A public hearing is best at the end of the planning process to allow for final thoughts, and brainstorming is best for determining goals at the beginning of the project rather than specific details. Mediation is best for identifying interests and priorities of opposing groups, rather than getting a sense for general resident preferences.The correct answer is: Visual preference survey

Question 144

A developer of master-planned communities has invited the community to generate ideas for how to develop a 100-acre section of the larger 1,000-acre development based on the principles of New Urbanism. Which of the following characteristics will most likely not be part of the charrette?Select one:a. Pedestrian-scale facades
b. Variety of housing types
c. Multi-modal transportation and gridded street pattern
d. All of these could be part of a New Urbanism charrette.

Answer 144

New Urbanism integrates all of the principles listed in the answers to this question, among others. Exam-takers should familiarize themselves with the various formal characteristics of New Urbanist design.The correct answer is: All of these could be part of a New Urbanism charrette.

Question 145

You are preparing to undertake a storm water management plan. There has been a vocal minority lobbying the city to make improvements along a stream that frequently floods their backyards. You want to create a public engagement process that will bring together the vocal minority and the silent majority to generate ideas for how to address the problem. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to use for those engagement goals?Select one:a. Design Charrette
b. Public Hearing
c. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Analysis
d. Nominal Group Technique

Answer 145

The correct answer is nominal group technique. The nominal group technique enables all members of a group to meaningfully participate in brainstorming. The nominal group technique allows for periods of silent reflection, allowing for idea generation and individual sharing.The correct answer is: Nominal Group Technique

Question 146

The notification process of your city requires that property owners within a one-quarter mile radius of a proposed project are notified about proposals under consideration for development approval. A proposed development is located very close to the boundary of the city. What would be an appropriate way to handle the fact that many property owners within the one-quarter mile radius are located outside of the city’s jurisdiction?Select one:a. You only need to provide notice to the properties in your jurisdiction.
b. You should provide notice to all properties within the prescribed radius.
c. Hold a public hearing and invite staff from all surrounding jurisdictions.
d. Contact the adjacent jurisdiction and let them determine if noticing within their boundaries should occur.

Answer 146

It would be best to provide notice to all properties within the prescribed radius.Although the letter of the law means that you only need to give notice to the properties in your jurisdiction, you should not assume that residents outside of your jurisdiction are unaffected, or that staff from the other jurisdiction should make a determination without involving the affected properties.The correct answer is: You should provide notice to all properties within the prescribed radius.

Question 147

Which of the following is true of a null hypothesis?Select one:a. A null hypothesis that is true must have a large sample size.
b. A null hypothesis is a neutral statement that does not suggest the direction of the result.
c. A null hypothesis is almost always rejected.
d. A null hypothesis is always equal to 0.

Answer 147

The null hypothesis is the commonly accepted fact; it is the opposite of the alternate hypothesis. Researchers work to reject, nullify, or disprove the null hypothesis. Researchers come up with an alternate hypothesis, one that they think explains a phenomenon, and then work to reject the null hypothesis.The correct answer is: A null hypothesis is a neutral statement that does not suggest the direction of the result.

Question 148

Open meetings laws require that…Select one:a. …executive sessions of City Council must be open to the public.
b. …transcripts of public hearings be available to the public.
c. …executive sessions of the Planning Commission must be open to the public.
d. …Planning Commission meetings be open to the public.

Answer 148

Open meetings laws require that Planning Commission meetings be open to the public. While some differences in open meeting requirements might occur across jurisdictional boundaries, the important concept captured by this question is the requirement to conduct Planning Commission meetings in public.The correct answer is: …Planning Commission meetings be open to the public.

Question 149

Must ordinances and regulations that impose conditions on the issuance or development permits (such as the reservation of land for beach access), but do not compensate the owner for the property, meet all of the following? I. The condition must have some essential nexus with the public purpose it seeks to fulfillII. The condition must bear some rough proportionality to the impact of the development for which the permit is soughtIII. The condition may be satisfied by the payment of a fee in lieu of (FILO) complianceIV. Not result in the temporary loss of use of property while the application for the development permit is undergoing review by government staff.Select one:a. No
b. Only in the state of California
c. Yes
d. Yes, except for condition #3

Answer 149

All of these conditions must be met for the ordinance to be upheld as constitutional.The correct answer is: Yes

Question 150

Oregon’s Measure 37 has had a significant impact on the ability of local governments to engage in land regulation. Which of the following is the best description of the Oregon law?Select one:a. A landowner will be compensated if the land regulation results in a devaluation of the property—if they were the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.
b. A land owner must comply with a land regulation regardless of impact on property value.
c. A landowner will be compensated if the land regulation results in a devaluation of the property regardless of who owned the land when the regulation was put in place.
d. A land owner must comply with a land regulation only if it has a positive impact on the property value.

Answer 150

Oregon’s Measure 37 requires a landowner to be compensated if a land regulation results in a devaluation of the property—if they were the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.The correct answer is: A landowner will be compensated if the land regulation results in a devaluation of the property—if they were the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.

Question 151

The educational level of the community is relatively low, so you need to use techniques that will work for a non-literate group. Which of the following techniques is most appropriate?Select one:a. Participatory Rural Appraisal
b. Plebiscite
c. Participatory Television
d. Samoan Circle

Answer 151

Participatory rural appraisal is a group of techniques that allow for the provision and analysis of information by the public. Participatory rural appraisals are typically highly visual, including the creation of maps or picture cards.The correct answer is: Participatory Rural Appraisal

Question 152

As the planner responsible for a neighborhood planning process, you have undertaken a participatory process that allows participants to assess project alternatives by weighing the alternatives according to a group of citizen goals. This is known as a:Select one:a. Delphi Technique
b. Planning Cell
c. Charrette
d. Coffee Klatch

Answer 152

The correct answer is planning cell.Planning cells are “a deliberative method where randomly-selected, diverse participants collaborate on developing solutions to a given issue and report the resulting recommendations to the relevant decision-makers.” A planning cell allows citizens to learn about, assess and choose between multiple alternatives. Planning cells is a method for deliberation developed by Dr. Dienel, and is designed to be a “micro-parliament.” In a planning cell, approximately 25 people from various backgrounds work together to develop a set of solutions to a problem delegated to the participants by a commissioning body. A coffee klatch is an informal gathering, preferably at a neighbor’s house.The correct answer is: Planning Cell

Question 153

A farmer has been actively farming a 100-acre property for the past 20 years. In that time, fences were built on the property boundaries. As part of a development permit process to allow the construction of a barn, it becomes clear that the fences were built in incorrect locations. The farmer wishes to continue to farm the portion of the land that is not actually his property. The farmer asks you what he should do. You advise him to seek a:Select one:a. Easement Appurtenant
b. Prescriptive Easement
c. Purchase the property
d. Easement in Gross

Answer 153

A prescriptive easement is typically obtained under principles of adverse possession, i.e., a prescriptive easement can be earned through the ongoing and regular use of an otherwise unused property. A prescriptive easement allows the right to use the property and does not allow the farmer to gain title to the land. An easement appurtenant allows access to your property, for example giving the right to use a neighbor’s driveway to access your property. A public utility easement is an easement in gross.The correct answer is: Prescriptive Easement

Question 154

The senior planner for a county is responsible for developing a public participation process for a countywide plan. When should the public become involved in the planning process?Select one:a. At the time of the public hearings for the plan adoption
b. Before the plan goals have been set
c. When alternatives are ready to be revealed
d. When a preferred alternative has been selected

Answer 154

Citizens should be involved in the planning process as early as possible. higher levels of citizen participation, as defined by Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation” should always be the preference when answering engagement questions on the AICP Exam. In this case, citizens should aid in setting the plan goals, which could be considered a process question that might factor into questions on the exam that don’t immediately jump out as communications and engagement questions.The correct answer is: Before the plan goals have been set

Question 155

You are preparing to facilitate what is sure to be a volatile meeting, with stakeholders that have a long history of distrust. To get the most of this facilitation session, you do which of the following?Select one:a. Present the specifics of the issues to be facilitated
b. Meet with stakeholders separately and stress the issues the participants should most agree on
c. Suggest potential solutions that best address the issues
d. Record the issues and suggested solutions as presented during the facilitation and group similar issues and solutions together

Answer 155

Th correct answer is to “Record the issues and suggested solutions as presented during the facilitation and group similar issues and solutions together.” The facilitator can introduce bias if the issues are specified by the facilitator, and potential solutions are best suggested by the participants rather than the facilitator. The role of the facilitator is to record the meeting and help group ideas together.The correct answer is: Record the issues and suggested solutions as presented during the facilitation and group similar issues and solutions together

Question 156

You have been promoted to the director of your council of governments. You want to emphasize new regionalism. You are preparing a memo to all of the local governments. Which of the following should you emphasize?Select one:a. Emphasize a new structure, such as the establishment of a consolidated government.
b. Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors.
c. Emphasize accountability and that the COG will be accountable to the local governments.
d. Emphasize the boundaries of the region and focusing on solving problems in those boundaries.

Answer 156

The correct answer is “Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors.” The other answers emphasize the old model of regionalism.The correct answer is: Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors.

Question 157

You recently participated in a professional development workshop where you learned about social accounting matrices. How would you best use a social accounting matrix (SAM) to support your work? Select one:a. To understand the socioeconomic characteristics of
your region to aid in educating the region’s leaders about the challenges
facing the low-income in the region.
b. To understand the existing state of the economy
and use this to analyze the likely effects of policy proposals.
c. You would use SAM to undertake statistical analysis combining the
demographics of the community with economic variables.
d. To account for the social impacts of policy
decisions.

Answer 157

A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a framework for organizing statistical data about the economy. It considers household income, household expenditures, input-output of industries, trade, taxes, government expenditures, investments, and savings. A SAM is a tool for understanding economic actors and how policy changes could result in economic changes.The correct answer is: To understand the existing state of the economy
and use this to analyze the likely effects of policy proposals.

Question 158

You have been hired by the state department of agriculture to form a state food policy council that will work with key stakeholders across the state. You have recruited members and are setting the agenda for the year. Which of the following do you plan to address? I. food desertsII. land use managementIII. obesity ratesIV. preservation of agricultural landsSelect one:a. I, III, and IV
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. II and IV
d. I and IV

Answer 158

Food policy councils typically avoid issues directly dealing with regulation, as these are managed by other organizations.Many states have food policy councils focused on education and policy.The correct answer is: I, III, and IV

Question 159

Your development review team is reviewing the site plan for a proposed development and is concerned about drainage as well as the connectivity to surrounding developments. During a meeting, the team is focusing on an analysis of the transportation aspects of the site plan. Which of the following is NOT usually true when describing the cross section of a street?

Select one:a. Roads are typically sloped one inch per foot or higher to ensure proper drainage.
b. The traffic lanes are typically nine to 12 feet in width.
c. If there is a sidewalk, it is included in the right of way of the street.
d. The street is sloped so that the high point is in the middle and it drains to the edges.

Answer 159

The correct answer is that roads are typically sloped up to a half-inch per foot in order to provide positive drainage. The typical slope is enough to ensure that the road does not collect water on its surface, which could present a significant chance for cars to hydroplane. One inch per foot of slope is more than is typically needed and would mean that the edges of the road would be one foot below its center, if a road is 24 feet wide.The correct answer is: Roads are typically sloped one inch per foot or higher to ensure proper drainage.

Question 160

The city is working on theurban design strategy for its university district, with a particular focus on pedestrian amenities. You encourage the addition of:Select one:a. Mixed-use development
b. Decorative lighting
c. Street furniture
d. Bus shelters

Answer 160

While all of the answers are potentially correct, street furniture creates the most value for the most users, including people with disabilities and of varying ages and fitness levels. Street furniture includes benches, planting, trash receptacles, and physical elements that improve the pedestrian experience.The correct answer is: Street furniture

Question 161

The city has made an arrangement with a car-sharing service that allows residents to pay for a car by the minute. Residents are complaining about car-share vehicles being parked overnight in the parking spot in front of their house on the street. What is the best response to these complaints?Select one:a. Suggest they write a letter to the Mayor arguing for non-renewal of the car sharing service’s permit
b. Explain that if they don’t want cars parking on their street, they can petition the city to put in place permit parking that would restrict parking to residents only.
c. Explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street.
d. Explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street. Also explain that car sharing works by people taking cars to destinations and it is likely neighbors parking on street.

Answer 161

The correct answer is to explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street while also explaining how car sharing works.Public streets are public and open to on-street parking. One key issue: people share cars to get to a destination. On a residential street, the destination would be a specific house.
The correct answer is: Explain how public streets work and that anyone can park on-street. Also explain that car sharing works by people taking cars to destinations and it is likely neighbors parking on street.

Question 162

You plan to post a video of a recent City Council meeting on Facebook to share with the public. What should you do if you are concerned about whether a social media post is a public record according to the Sunshine Laws?a. Unclear: it depends on the content of the City Council meeting.
b. Unclear: consult state and local regulations to determine if social media posts are considered public record.
c. Post: social media posts are considered public record.
d. Don’t post: social media posts are not considered public record.

Answer 162

Whether social media posts are considered public record is a matter of state and local regulations around noticing and records retention. You should consult these regulations if you are concerned about whether a social media post is an appropriate place to post the video of a recent City Council meeting.The correct answer is: Unclear: consult state and local regulations to determine if social media posts are considered public record.

Question 163

What do facilitation and mediation have in common as methods for structuring public participation?a. A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion.
b. The facilitator is often a trusted community member.
c. Has multiple stages.
d. Often used to help resolve conflict outside of court.

Answer 163

Only “A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion” is true of both mediation and facilitation. “The facilitator is often a trusted community member” is specific to facilitation. “Used to help resolve conflict outside of court” and “Has multiple stages” are specific to mediation.The correct answer is: A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion.

Question 164

You are developing a traffic forecast that will model future traffic conditions across the metropolitan area. To undertake the analysis, you break down the projections into:Select one:a. Census Tracts
b. Census Blocks
c. Traffic Impact Zones
d. Traffic Analysis Zones

Answer 164

The correct answer is traffic analysis zones. Traffic analysis zones are geographic units that divide a region into similar areas of land use.The correct answer is: Traffic Analysis Zones

Question 165

In recent years, the suburban areas of your region have seen explosive low-density development. The local mayors have come together at the council of governments to discuss a pending fiscal crisis caused by increased demand for services. Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for limiting the expansion of infrastructure and public services?Select one:a. Form-based zoning
b. Overlay zoning
c. Urban growth boundary
d. Down zoning

Answer 165

An urban growth boundary is the only answer that directly addresses the cause of the fiscal crisis, though the other answers are likely to be proposed by members of the public and elected officials. Down zoning would likely contribute to the problem by discouraging infill development and forcing more development to the periphery.An urban growth boundary is a regional boundary that limits sprawl by mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for higher density urban development and the area outside be used for low density development, such as agriculture.The correct answer is: Urban growth boundary

Question 166

You are trying to identify land uses with a low average vehicle trip per unit. Based on the Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters, which of the following would have the lowest number of average vehicle trips per unit?Select one:a. Assisted Living Facility
b. Single-Family Home
c. Fast Food Restaurant
d. Warehouse

Answer 166

Based on the Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters, assisted living facilities would have the lowest number of average vehicle trips per unit.The correct answer is: Assisted Living Facility

Question 167

You are working on developing design guidelines for your community. The historic architecture in the community uses locally available materials, known as ____________ architecture.Select one:a. Gothic
b. Vernacular
c. Victorian
d. Modern

Answer 167

Vernacular architecture refers to architecture built from locally available materials.The correct answer is: Vernacular

Question 168

A neighborhood is struggling to determine how they want the new community center to look. What method of public participation is most appropriate to solve this conflict?a. Public hearing
b. Visual preference survey
c. Brainstorming
d. Mediation

Answer 168

A visual preference survey best determines aggregate resident preferences, especially around the physical look of the natural and built environments. A public hearing is best at the end of the planning process to allow for final thoughts, while brainstorming is best for determining goals at the beginning of the project, rather than deciding on specific details. Mediation is best for identifying interests and priorities of opposing groups, rather than getting a sense for general public preferences.The correct answer is: Visual preference survey

Question 169

A volume to capacity ratio of 1 indicates which of the following?Select one:a. Congested traffic flow
b. The level of congestion exceeds the carry capacity of the roadway
c. A Level of Serviceof A
d. Stop and go traffic conditions

Answer 169

Congestion can be measured by a volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C Ratio). A V/C Ratio of greater than 1.0 indicates severe congestion.The correct answer is: Congested traffic flow

Question 170

As the planner for a suburb, you are working on placemaking as part of a comprehensive plan process. The comprehensive plan illustrates development alternatives, including a scenario for transit-oriented development. What is the walking radius shown by the plan?Select one:a. 1/2 mile
b. 1/4 mile
c. One mile
d. Two miles

Answer 170

A 1/2 is a typical standard for measuring the walkability of a transit-oriented development. Pedestrians will typically walk up to half a mile to reach transit or destinations, although that distance can depend on road conditions and the state of pedestrian infrastructure on the route.The correct answer is: 1/2 mile