Powerpoint concepts (Classes 1-6) Flashcards
what is evolution?
processes that change genetic characteristics and may result in different species
what is biodiversity?
an exploration of the different organisms in the tree of life
what are the 3 most basic organisms
bacteria,, archaea, and eukaryota
what is ecology?
how organisms interact with each other and the environment
what does it mean for something to be alive?
- must acquire and use energy
- must be made up of cells
- must process information
- must go through some sort of replication
- must undergo evolution
what are the 3 unifying ideas of science?
- cell theory
- the chromosome theory of inheritance
- the theory of evolution by natural selection
what is cell theory?
all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells
what is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
genetic info is found in genes,, consists of DNA, genes consist of the specific segments that code for products in the cell
what is the theory of evolution by natural selection?
the idea that all organisms can have traits that are either more or less beneficial to them, and the selected traits can become more common in the population if they are selected
what is a theory?
an explanation for a broad class of observed phenomenon that is supported by a wide body of evidence
what are the two competing theories regarding cells?
- Cell theory
- Spontaneous generation theory
what is the spontaneous generation theory?
organisms arise spontaneously from nonliving materials
who is robert hooke?
(1600’s)wasthefirstpersontolookatcells
who is Anton van. Leeuwenhoek?
(16-1700’s) Built his own microscopes which were very powerful for the time and he was able to observe human blood cells
who were schleiden and Schwann
(1800’s) they proposed that all organisms are made up of cells
who was rudolph virchow?
(1850’s) He theorized that all cells arise from other cells,
who was Louis Pasteur?
decide to run an experiment to test Virchows theory. Conducted an experiment with cells and different shaped flasks. The flask with the open neck had cells in the broth, and the one with the swann neck only had cells in the neck portion of the flask but not the broth
- concluded that all cells must then arise from preexisting cells
what are the implications of cell theory?
Common ancestry, all single celled infividuals in a pop. are related, and all cells in a multicellular crgamism are from preexisting cells and are also related
where did the first cells come from?
chemical evolution
who were watson and crick
“found” the double helix shape of DNA
what is DNA made up of?
-varying sequences of 4 bases
- adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine
(at the groupchat)
why are base pairs important?
they allow DNA to be copied and they preserve the info encoded in DNA
how is DNA encoded?
- DNA codes for RNA
- RNA codes for proteins
what does RNA do?
RNA is a single strand of nucleic acids that carry DNA code and code for proteins
what is the step by step of coding for proteins?
DNA to mRNA, to Protein to Phenotype
what are the 2 fundamental nutritional needs for organisms?
- chemical energy (ATP)
- other molecules that can be used as building blocks for DNA, RNA, proteins, cell membranes, etc.
how did darwin explain how natural selection worked?
through fitness and adaptations
if certain heritable traits lead to increased success in producing offspring then…
these traits become more common in a population over time