Bio Exam 3 Class 1 (Protists)

Question 1

eukaryotes have more… than prokaryotes

Answer 1

organelles, and extensive cytoskeloeton

Question 2

what are examples of organelles?

Answer 2

mitochondria, chloroplasts

Question 3

eukaryotes are …cellular

Answer 3

multicellular

Question 4

pros reproduce… theough

Answer 4

asexually…binary fission

Question 5

euks reproduce…or…. through…

Answer 5

sexually or asexually through gametes or spores

Question 6

eukarya include:

Answer 6

protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 7

eukaryotes have… chromosomes

Answer 7

linear

Question 8

what are the 3 types of dna that eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 8

• nuclear dna
• mitochondrial dna
• chloroplast dna

Question 9

what does protist mean?

Answer 9

“the very first”

Question 10

what do protists include

Answer 10

all eukaryotes except land animals, fungi, and land plants

Question 11

protists do not have

Answer 11

synapomorphies

Question 12

what type of tree do protists make up

Answer 12

paraphyletic

Question 13

protists tend to live in

Answer 13

water or moist environments

Question 14

where are some other habitats of protists?

Answer 14

oceans, coasts, inside plants and animals

Question 15

how to protists live in different organisms?

Answer 15

-as parasite or endosymbiotes

Question 16

many protists are more closely related to …,…,… than other protists

Answer 16

plants, animals or fungi

Question 17

what are the two groups that protists are divided into?

Answer 17

unikonta and bikonta

Question 18

what classifies protists into the two respective groups

Answer 18

the number of flagellum that they have

Question 19

how do protists move?

Answer 19

• sliding motion through pseudopodia
• swimming using the flagella or small cilia

Question 20

how are flagella characterized?

Answer 20

long and few

Question 21

how is cilia characterized ?

Answer 21

short and numerous

Question 22

how do protists obtain energy

Answer 22

-some are autotrophs and photosynthesize
- others are heterotrophs and fed via phagocytosis, or using their cilia to funnel food into their specialized gullet

Question 23

go look at the slide about lineages

Answer 23

hehe

Question 24

how do biologists study protists?

Answer 24

microscopes

Question 25

what were the 4 major innovations that evolved in protists?

Answer 25

• mitochonria and chloroplast
• nuclear envolope
• multicellularity
• sex and alteration of generations

Question 26

what is endoymbiosis theory of mitochondria origin ?

Answer 26

an ancient Archaean cell engulfed an ancient bacterial cell and the bacterium gains protection and carbon compounds and in return produces atp fpr the cell to use

Question 27

when was endosymbiosis proposed?

Answer 27

1880’s then revived by Lynn Margulis

Question 28

what is the idea of endosymbiosis?

Answer 28

mitochindria converts pyruvate into ATP

Question 29

hat is the evidence of endosymbiosis being the origin of mitochondria?

Answer 29

• mitochondria are about the side of a bacterium
• mito. replicate by fission
• mito. have 70 s ribosomes
• mito. have a double bilayer membrane
• mito. have their own dna double stranded and circular
• mito. have gene sequences

Question 30

what convinced most scientists that endosymbiosis was true?

Answer 30

dna sequencing and research

Question 31

mitochondrial dna is most closely related to…

Answer 31

bacterial DNA
- circular genomes

Question 32

mitochondrial dna is not derived from…

Answer 32

nuclear DNA

Question 33

what is the theory of chloroplast origin?

Answer 33

all plantaes have chloroplasts with two membranes, so endosymbiosis must have occurred in a common ancestor

Question 34

what is endosymbiosis?

Answer 34

look at slides

Question 35

the chloroplast did not envolve in…

Answer 35

eukaryotes

Question 36

how did protists engulf synobacteria

Answer 36

secodary endosymbiosis

Question 37

what is an example of secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 37

another protists engulfed a photosynthetic protist that already had a chloroplast

Question 38

what is secondary endosymbiosis?

Answer 38

when something swallows something else that already has x in it so that original thing now has x