Bio Exam 4 Class 2 (Protostomes)

Question 1

the coelom in protostoes is formed with a

Answer 1

hollowed mesoderm

Question 2

the celom in deuterostomesis forned with a

Answer 2

pinched off mesoderm

Question 3

what is a protostome?

Answer 3

-bilaterian
-triploblastic
-the mouth forms first
-monophyletic group

Question 4

protostomes include phyla:

Answer 4

arthropds, mollusks, and annelids
(ex. insects clams worms)

Question 5

most animal species are

Answer 5

protostomes

Question 6

protostomes are found virtually in

Answer 6

every habitat and ecosystem

Question 7

protostomes transitioned from

Answer 7

water to land

Question 8

protostomes evolved adaptations to:

Answer 8

-exchange gases
- avoid dessication
- support their body weight

Question 9

how did protostomes evolve to be more efficient in gas exchange

Answer 9

• body with high surface area to volume ratio

Question 10

how did protostomes evolve to decrease water loss?

Answer 10

-eggs with thick membrane or shell
- gills/ respiratory organs inside the body
- cuticles on body with spiracles

Question 11

spiracles are similar to the - in plants?

Answer 11

stomata

Question 12

how did protostomes evolve to provide support and protection?

Answer 12

-exoskeleton
- shells

Question 13

the waxy cuticle in protostomes

Answer 13

kept moisture in the protostome

Question 14

internalized gills and spiracles allowed protostomes

Answer 14

to breathe on land with the cuticle which helped them keep from drying out

Question 15

many protostomes have a

Answer 15

hemocoel

Question 16

what is a hemocoel:

Answer 16

-reduced coelom that is not lined by the mesoderm
bathes the organs in body fluid in an open circulatory system

Question 17

what is the differnce between an oepn circulatory system and close circulatory system?

Answer 17

open: bathes all of the cells
closed: carries to each cell individually

Question 18

why are protostomes small?

Answer 18

there is an issue with their surface area to volume ratio
- the larger you get the less able you are gong to be to have an open circulatory system
- the fluid simply would not be able to reach the entire system of the organism
*spiracle and gillsar enot as efficient with pupu=ing oxygen

Question 19

what are the two lineages of protostomes:

Answer 19

-lophotrochoza
-edcystozoa

Question 20

lophotrochozoans include:

Answer 20

-rotifer
-flat worms
-annelids (segmented worms)
- mollusks

Question 21

what are the 3 synapomorphies of lophotrochozoans?

Answer 21

• the lophophore: th emouth structure with tentacles
• the trochophore: cilia that allow larval organisms to capture food
• the spiral cleavage:everything else is radial

Question 22

what are lophophores?

Answer 22

th emouth structure with tentacles

Question 23

what is the trochophore?

Answer 23

cilia that allow larval organisms to capture food

Question 24

what are the 3 specialized traits of mollusks?

Answer 24

• the foot
• the visceral mass-region containing internal organs, external gill, and radula
  -with the hemocoel
  -the mantle- secretes s calcium shell, and can be used to propel themselves

Question 25

what does the foot do?

Answer 25

allows for movement - in quid and octopi the foot is modified into tentacles

Question 26

what is the visceral mass?

Answer 26

region containing internal organs, external gill, and radula

Question 27

what are rotifers?

Answer 27

- live in aquatic habitat - feed by predatory suspension -movement by beating cilia - mostly sexual

Question 28

what are flatworms?

Answer 28

- aquatic or internal animal - predatory or parasitic feeding - hydrostatic skeleton or swimming or swimming - asexual or sexual

Question 29

what are annelida?

Answer 29

- aquatic or internal -predators, detritivores, or parasites - hydrostatic skeleton or swimming or swimming - asexual or sexual

Question 30

what are mollusca?

Answer 30

snails, clams, mussels, - aquatic -predatory or

Question 31

what are ecdysozoans phyla?

Answer 31

- nematodes - tardigrada -onychophora -arthorpods

Question 32

what is the one synapomorphy of ecdysozoans?

Answer 32

they molt their exoskeleton

Question 33

what are 3 specializations within arthropods?

Answer 33

- segmented body -jointed appendages -chitin exoskeleton

Question 34

the segments of the arthropods are:

Answer 34

tagmata that are seperated into the head, thorax, and abdomen

Question 35

arthrobod bodies exhibit

Answer 35

serial homologies, aka all of their segments are relatively homologous but can be speialized for different functions

Question 36

another specialized form of some arthropods is

Answer 36

wings

Question 37

tardigrades are

Answer 37

extremophiles