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Bio 110 > Bio Exam 4 Class 2 (Protostomes) > Flashcards

Bio Exam 4 Class 2 (Protostomes) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the coelom in protostoes is formed with a

A

hollowed mesoderm

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2
Q

the celom in deuterostomesis forned with a

A

pinched off mesoderm

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3
Q

what is a protostome?

A

-bilaterian
-triploblastic
-the mouth forms first
-monophyletic group

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4
Q

protostomes include phyla:

A

arthropds, mollusks, and annelids
(ex. insects clams worms)

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5
Q

most animal species are

A

protostomes

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6
Q

protostomes are found virtually in

A

every habitat and ecosystem

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7
Q

protostomes transitioned from

A

water to land

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8
Q

protostomes evolved adaptations to:

A

-exchange gases
- avoid dessication
- support their body weight

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9
Q

how did protostomes evolve to be more efficient in gas exchange

A
  • body with high surface area to volume ratio
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10
Q

how did protostomes evolve to decrease water loss?

A

-eggs with thick membrane or shell
- gills/ respiratory organs inside the body
- cuticles on body with spiracles

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11
Q

spiracles are similar to the - in plants?

A

stomata

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12
Q

how did protostomes evolve to provide support and protection?

A

-exoskeleton
- shells

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13
Q

the waxy cuticle in protostomes

A

kept moisture in the protostome

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14
Q

internalized gills and spiracles allowed protostomes

A

to breathe on land with the cuticle which helped them keep from drying out

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15
Q

many protostomes have a

A

hemocoel

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16
Q

what is a hemocoel:

A

-reduced coelom that is not lined by the mesoderm
bathes the organs in body fluid in an open circulatory system

17
Q

what is the differnce between an oepn circulatory system and close circulatory system?

A

open: bathes all of the cells
closed: carries to each cell individually

18
Q

why are protostomes small?

A

there is an issue with their surface area to volume ratio
- the larger you get the less able you are gong to be to have an open circulatory system
- the fluid simply would not be able to reach the entire system of the organism
*spiracle and gillsar enot as efficient with pupu=ing oxygen

19
Q

what are the two lineages of protostomes:

A

-lophotrochoza
-edcystozoa

20
Q

lophotrochozoans include:

A

-rotifer
-flat worms
-annelids (segmented worms)
- mollusks

21
Q

what are the 3 synapomorphies of lophotrochozoans?

A
  • the lophophore: th emouth structure with tentacles
  • the trochophore: cilia that allow larval organisms to capture food
  • the spiral cleavage:everything else is radial
22
Q

what are lophophores?

A

th emouth structure with tentacles

23
Q

what is the trochophore?

A

cilia that allow larval organisms to capture food

24
Q

what are the 3 specialized traits of mollusks?

A
  • the foot
  • the visceral mass-region containing internal organs, external gill, and radula
    -with the hemocoel
    -the mantle- secretes s calcium shell, and can be used to propel themselves
25
Q

what does the foot do?

A

allows for movement
- in quid and octopi the foot is modified into tentacles

26
Q

what is the visceral mass?

A

region containing internal organs, external gill, and radula

27
Q

what are rotifers?

A
  • live in aquatic habitat
  • feed by predatory suspension
    -movement by beating cilia
  • mostly sexual
28
Q

what are flatworms?

A
  • aquatic or internal animal
  • predatory or parasitic feeding
  • hydrostatic skeleton or swimming or swimming
  • asexual or sexual
29
Q

what are annelida?

A
  • aquatic or internal
    -predators, detritivores, or parasites
  • hydrostatic skeleton or swimming or swimming
  • asexual or sexual
30
Q

what are mollusca?

A

snails, clams, mussels,
- aquatic
-predatory or

31
Q

what are ecdysozoans phyla?

A
  • nematodes
  • tardigrada
    -onychophora
    -arthorpods
32
Q

what is the one synapomorphy of ecdysozoans?

A

they molt their exoskeleton

33
Q

what are 3 specializations within arthropods?

A
  • segmented body
    -jointed appendages
    -chitin exoskeleton
34
Q

the segments of the arthropods are:

A

tagmata that are seperated into the head, thorax, and abdomen

35
Q

arthrobod bodies exhibit

A

serial homologies, aka all of their segments are relatively homologous but can be speialized for different functions

36
Q

another specialized form of some arthropods is

A

wings

37
Q

tardigrades are

A

extremophiles

Bio 110 (20 decks)

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