Bio Exam 4 Class 1 (Intro to Animals and Nonbilaterians)

Question 1

the first animals were found

Answer 1

635 mya

Question 2

what was the first major radiation of animals

Answer 2

cambrian explosion

Question 3

what was the closest ancestor to early animals

Answer 3

flagellated unicellular protists (choanoflagellates)

Question 4

all animals…

Answer 4

1.lack cell walls but have extracellular matrix
2.are heterotrophs
3. move under their own power at some point in their life cycle
4. have neurons and muscle cells

Question 5

what is the ECM

Answer 5

produces proteins used for cell to cell adhesion and communication

Question 6

what do neurons do?

Answer 6

transit electrical signals from one cell to other

Question 7

what do muscle cells do?

Answer 7

change the shape of the body by contracting

Question 8

animals are related to….

Answer 8

fungi and single celled protists

Question 9

what were the earliest animals to evolve

Answer 9

non bilaterians,, sponges and jellyfish

Question 10

how are animals divided into groups?

Answer 10

symmetry and development

Question 11

what are the two symetry groups

Answer 11

non bilaterians and bilaterians

Question 12

what are the two development groups>

Answer 12

protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 13

what is radial symmetry

Answer 13

at least two planes of symmetry

Question 14

what is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 14

only one plane of symmetry

Question 15

what is a protostome?

Answer 15

first mouth,, embryonic development before the anus (most snimals)

Question 16

what is a deuterostome?

Answer 16

(second mouth),, embryonic development of the anus before the mouth (largest predators and animals)

Question 17

ancestors to animals were single celled… organisms similar to…

Answer 17

colonial,,, choanoflagellates

Question 18

although sponges look and act similarly to choanoflagellates, they

Answer 18

developed multicellularity and specialization

Question 19

animals are sister species to

Answer 19

all animals

Question 20

what were the key innovations to animal evolution?

Answer 20

• multicellularity
• multiple tissue layers
• bilateral symmetry
• cephalization
• body cavity
• segmentation

Question 21

animals have multiple

Answer 21

embryonic tissue layers

Question 22

what are the two levels of embryonic issue layers>

Answer 22

diploblasts and triploblasts

Question 23

diploblasts have

Answer 23

2

Question 24

triploblasts have

Answer 24

3

Question 25

ectoderm

Answer 25

skin and nervous system (and the muscles in diploblasts)

Question 26

endoderm

Answer 26

gut, digestive tract, respiratory tract, (and reproductive systems in diploblasts)

Question 27

mesoderm

Answer 27

muscle, bone, organs, and circulatory system

Question 28

what is the coelom

Answer 28

the empty space between the layers of tissue,, fluid filled cavity allows for oxygen and nutrient transportation throughout the body

Question 29

what are the 3 kinds of bilaterians

Answer 29

1. acoelomates 2. pseudocoelomates 3. coelomates

Question 30

acoelomates

Answer 30

do not have a coelom

Question 31

pseudocoelomates

Answer 31

have a partially lined with muscle tissue

Question 32

coelomates

Answer 32

coelom completely lined with muscle tissue

Question 33

what are the functions of the coelom?

Answer 33

- circulation of o2 and nutrients - acts as a hydrostatic skeleton - gives bilaterians ability to move efficiently in their search for food

Question 34

what does a hydrostatic skeleton do>

Answer 34

- gives bilaterians the ability of locomotion - replaces the fucntions of internal skeletons and external skeletons

Question 35

what types of animals have a hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 35

- jellyfish - leeches -earthworm - other invertebrates

Question 36

bilateral symmetry is coupled with the evolutionof

Answer 36

the central nervous system and body cavity

Question 37

radial diploblasts have a

Answer 37

nerve nets

Question 38

bilateral triploblasts have

Answer 38

central ervous system

Question 39

what does the CNS include

Answer 39

a brain and ganglia

Question 40

what is cephalization>

Answer 40

the evolution of the head

Question 41

the CNS allowed for the

Answer 41

evolution of the head

Question 42

ctenophoes and cnidarias contain,, all other animals have,,,

Answer 42

nerve nets, brains

Question 43

segmentation

Answer 43

when protostome and deuterostomes evolved,, repeated body structures

Question 44

segmentation allowed for

Answer 44

specialization of different body parts

Question 45

segmentation is controlled by

Answer 45

hox and dpp genes

Question 46

other themes in the evoution of animals

Answer 46

sensory organs feeding reproduction

Question 47

CNS and specialization allowed for the... (hint its not the evolution of the head)

Answer 47

evolution of specialized sensory organs

Question 48

segmentation allowed for the

Answer 48

evolution of limbs which gave rise to better locomotion

Question 49

all animals are what type of feeder?

Answer 49

chemoorganoheterotrophs - can be herbivores, omnivores, detritovores, or carnivores

Question 50

what are the types of animal feeders:

Answer 50

suspension feeders fluid feeders deposit feeders mass feeders

Question 51

asexual reproduction in animals

Answer 51

prodce diploid eggs that can mature into adults withough fertilization (pathogenesis)

Question 52

sexual reproduction in animals

Answer 52

meiosis and fusion of gametes (most common in animals)

Question 53

some species like the komodo dragon can reproduce

Answer 53

asexually and sexually

Question 54

external sexual reproduction

Answer 54

- common in acquatic organisms - both sexes release gametes into the water

Question 55

internal sexual reproduction

Answer 55

-male sperm fertilized the eggs within females - the zygote may or may not be retained in the female

Question 56

oviparous species

Answer 56

lay eggs

Question 57

viviparrous species

Answer 57

give live birth - nourish embryo through a direct transfer of nurtients from the mother to the offspring

Question 58

ovoviviparous species

Answer 58

retain eggs within the body and nourish by yolk, but then they give birth to a live offspring