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Bio 110 > Bio Exam 4 Class 1 (Intro to Animals and Nonbilaterians) > Flashcards

Bio Exam 4 Class 1 (Intro to Animals and Nonbilaterians) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the first animals were found

A

635 mya

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2
Q

what was the first major radiation of animals

A

cambrian explosion

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3
Q

what was the closest ancestor to early animals

A

flagellated unicellular protists (choanoflagellates)

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4
Q

all animals…

A

1.lack cell walls but have extracellular matrix
2.are heterotrophs
3. move under their own power at some point in their life cycle
4. have neurons and muscle cells

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5
Q

what is the ECM

A

produces proteins used for cell to cell adhesion and communication

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6
Q

what do neurons do?

A

transit electrical signals from one cell to other

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7
Q

what do muscle cells do?

A

change the shape of the body by contracting

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8
Q

animals are related to….

A

fungi and single celled protists

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9
Q

what were the earliest animals to evolve

A

non bilaterians,, sponges and jellyfish

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10
Q

how are animals divided into groups?

A

symmetry and development

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11
Q

what are the two symetry groups

A

non bilaterians and bilaterians

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12
Q

what are the two development groups>

A

protostomes and deuterostomes

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13
Q

what is radial symmetry

A

at least two planes of symmetry

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14
Q

what is bilateral symmetry?

A

only one plane of symmetry

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15
Q

what is a protostome?

A

first mouth,, embryonic development before the anus (most snimals)

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16
Q

what is a deuterostome?

A

(second mouth),, embryonic development of the anus before the mouth (largest predators and animals)

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17
Q

ancestors to animals were single celled… organisms similar to…

A

colonial,,, choanoflagellates

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18
Q

although sponges look and act similarly to choanoflagellates, they

A

developed multicellularity and specialization

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19
Q

animals are sister species to

A

all animals

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20
Q

what were the key innovations to animal evolution?

A
  • multicellularity
  • multiple tissue layers
  • bilateral symmetry
  • cephalization
  • body cavity
  • segmentation
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21
Q

animals have multiple

A

embryonic tissue layers

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22
Q

what are the two levels of embryonic issue layers>

A

diploblasts and triploblasts

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23
Q

diploblasts have

A

2

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24
Q

triploblasts have

A

3

25
Q

ectoderm

A

skin and nervous system (and the muscles in diploblasts)

26
Q

endoderm

A

gut, digestive tract, respiratory tract, (and reproductive systems in diploblasts)

27
Q

mesoderm

A

muscle, bone, organs, and circulatory system

28
Q

what is the coelom

A

the empty space between the layers of tissue,, fluid filled cavity
allows for oxygen and nutrient transportation throughout the body

29
Q

what are the 3 kinds of bilaterians

A
  1. acoelomates
  2. pseudocoelomates
  3. coelomates
30
Q

acoelomates

A

do not have a coelom

31
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

have a partially lined with muscle tissue

32
Q

coelomates

A

coelom completely lined with muscle tissue

33
Q

what are the functions of the coelom?

A
  • circulation of o2 and nutrients
  • acts as a hydrostatic skeleton
  • gives bilaterians ability to move efficiently in their search for food
34
Q

what does a hydrostatic skeleton do>

A
  • gives bilaterians the ability of locomotion
  • replaces the fucntions of internal skeletons and external skeletons
35
Q

what types of animals have a hydrostatic skeleton?

A
  • jellyfish
  • leeches
    -earthworm
  • other invertebrates
36
Q

bilateral symmetry is coupled with the evolutionof

A

the central nervous system and body cavity

37
Q

radial diploblasts have a

A

nerve nets

38
Q

bilateral triploblasts have

A

central ervous system

39
Q

what does the CNS include

A

a brain and ganglia

40
Q

what is cephalization>

A

the evolution of the head

41
Q

the CNS allowed for the

A

evolution of the head

42
Q

ctenophoes and cnidarias contain,, all other animals have,,,

A

nerve nets, brains

43
Q

segmentation

A

when protostome and deuterostomes evolved,, repeated body structures

44
Q

segmentation allowed for

A

specialization of different body parts

45
Q

segmentation is controlled by

A

hox and dpp genes

46
Q

other themes in the evoution of animals

A

sensory organs
feeding
reproduction

47
Q

CNS and specialization allowed for the…
(hint its not the evolution of the head)

A

evolution of specialized sensory organs

48
Q

segmentation allowed for the

A

evolution of limbs which gave rise to better locomotion

49
Q

all animals are what type of feeder?

A

chemoorganoheterotrophs
- can be herbivores, omnivores, detritovores, or carnivores

50
Q

what are the types of animal feeders:

A

suspension feeders
fluid feeders
deposit feeders
mass feeders

51
Q

asexual reproduction in animals

A

prodce diploid eggs that can mature into adults withough fertilization (pathogenesis)

52
Q

sexual reproduction in animals

A

meiosis and fusion of gametes (most common in animals)

53
Q

some species like the komodo dragon can reproduce

A

asexually and sexually

54
Q

external sexual reproduction

A
  • common in acquatic organisms
  • both sexes release gametes into the water
55
Q

internal sexual reproduction

A

-male sperm fertilized the eggs within females
- the zygote may or may not be retained in the female

56
Q

oviparous species

A

lay eggs

57
Q

viviparrous species

A

give live birth
- nourish embryo through a direct transfer of nurtients from the mother to the offspring

58
Q

ovoviviparous species

A

retain eggs within the body and nourish by yolk, but then they give birth to a live offspring

Bio 110 (20 decks)

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