Final Exam Class 2 (behavioral ecology) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is behavioral ecology?

A

behavioral adaptation that evolved in response to ecological selection pressures

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2
Q

what is proximate causation?

A

how actions occur,, physical, mechanical, neurological, hormonal etc.

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3
Q

what is ultimate causation

A

why actions occur,, evolutionarily why is this action done?

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4
Q

behavior can evolve through

A

natural selection (just like any other phenotype)

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5
Q

example of proximate causation

A

cortisol and oxytocin (stress and empathy hormones released)

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6
Q

example of ultimate causation

A

in social species traits that strengthen social bonds are favored by natural selection
- when the population is feeling better, the health of the species goes up, their access to resources will be better, and they will be less vulnerable to threats

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7
Q

innate behavior

A

genetic, instinctual, fixed action patterns

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8
Q

what is an example of an innate behavior

A

yawning

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9
Q

what is a learned behavior

A

behaviors that result from specific experiences, endured change

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10
Q

what are fitness trade offs?

A

exists for each type of behavior
- you cannot maximize two behaviors at the same time
- analyzed using cost-benefit analysis

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11
Q

two important things about behavior

A
  • choices are not usually conscious
  • behavior varies within a population
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12
Q

example of a learned behavior

A

pavlovs dogs

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13
Q

proximate cause of foraging behavior

A

-genetics (rovers) or (sitters)

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14
Q

ultimate cause of foraging behavior

A

different environmental conditions

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15
Q

what is the optimal foraging theory

A

the way an animal maximizes energy (food) intake while minimizing costs (ex. movements, predation)

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16
Q

what are proximate causes of sexual selection `

A

-visual cues
- light (photoperiod) -tells that the seasons are changing
-hormone release

17
Q

what are ultimate causes of sexual selection

A

intersexual and intrasexual behaviors

18
Q

what are ultimate causes in sexual selection

A

intersexual and intrasexual behaviors because they exist to prove that their genetics are superior and therefore advantageous

19
Q

why is sexual selection is strongest on males

A

eggs are expensive and sperm are cheap

20
Q

sex sons hypothesis

A

females will chose attractive males because their sexy sons will have a greater chance of passing on their genes

21
Q

good genes gypothesis

A

females choose the best males via an honest indicator

22
Q

fishers runaway selection

A

rapid evolution of male traits, creates extreme sexual dimorphism. Can eventually get too extreme decreasing survivorship in males (ornamentations)
(photo explanation in slides)

23
Q

migration

A

long distance movement of a population

24
Q

migration is associated with

A

-change in seasons
- not the same as dispersal
- two way travel

25
Q

what is dispersal

A

one way movement of organisms from one area to another