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Bio 110 > Bio Exam 3 Class 5 (Fungi) > Flashcards

Bio Exam 3 Class 5 (Fungi) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

fungi are mostly

A

multicellular

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2
Q

fungi absorb nutrients by being

A
  • parasite
  • saprophytes
    -symbionts
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3
Q

fungi are key for recycling

A

nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous

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4
Q

fungi are the worlds most important

A

decomposeres

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5
Q

fungi are the only species in the world that can digest

A

wood

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6
Q

if we didn’t have fungi then the earth would be

A

piled high with wood

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7
Q

what are some examples of parasitic fungi?

A

athletes foot, yeast infections

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8
Q

sapropytes are

A

decomposers

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9
Q

parasites are

A

pathogens

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10
Q

sybionts are

A

mutualists

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11
Q

what are the two forms of fungi

A

yeast (single celeld)
mycelia (multicell)

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12
Q

mycelia are similar to what in plants?

A

roots

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13
Q

what do mycelia do?

A

penetrate soils and cells

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14
Q

what are mycelia composed of?

A

hyphae

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15
Q

what are hyphae?

A

long thin filaments that cover extensie areas

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16
Q

the mycelia is what portion of the fungus?

A

the feeding portion

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17
Q

the hyphae are divided into

A

septa

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18
Q

what is the septa?

A

the cells thay hyphae are divided into

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19
Q

what is the function of the septa

A

allows for the flow of nutrints between the compartments of the hyphae

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20
Q

what are coenocytic myceli?

A

have several nuclei and cannot be divided into separate cells,, they do not have septa

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21
Q

some fungi can be

A

predatory

22
Q

what is an example of the predatory fungi

A

cordyceps, the zombie ant thingy

23
Q

why do we study fungi?

A

-health
- food
- carbon and nutrient cycles

24
Q

what are the heath impacts of fungi

A
  • some fungi have antimicrobial impacts
  • pathogens,, ringworm athlets foot
  • mold
  • source of antibiotics ie penicilin
25
Q

what is fungis impact on the food supply

A
  • mushrooms
  • alcohol fermentation
  • molds on foods
  • plant diseases
26
Q

what are fungis impact on the carbon and nutrient cycles

A
  • fungi digest cellulose and lignin which contain carbon and release it into the atmosphere for plants to later use
27
Q

fungi can include

A

mushrooms molds, mildews, and yeast

28
Q

fungi is not

A

mobile

29
Q

fungi are

A

chemoorganoheterotrophs and obtain nutrients through extracellular digestion

30
Q

fungi are more closely related to

A

animals

31
Q

what are the 3 morphological traits that fungi and animals share?

A

chitin
flagella on the gametes
store food in the form of glycogen

32
Q

what is chitin?

A

prominent component of the cell walls in fungi

33
Q

what are the 6 lineages of fungi?

A

microsporidia
chytrids
zygomycetes
glomeromycetes
ascomycetes
-

34
Q

macroevolution between the groups of fungi is best understoon through

A

obtaining food and reproduction

35
Q

what are mycorrhizal fungi?

A

grow on roots and serve as a source of nutrients
- help the plant grow
-

36
Q

the fungi and the roots that that inhabit are called

A

mycorrhizae

37
Q

saprophyte fungi

A

digest dead plant materal (decomp)
- secrete lignin peroxidase to digest lignin
- secrete cellulase to digest cellulose

38
Q

what are ecto- (outside) and endo- (inside) phtes

A

live between and within plant cells and in association with roots leaves flowers and stems

39
Q

what are the two secretions of saprophyte fungi?

A
  • lignin peroxidase
    -cellulase
40
Q

what are ectomychorrizal fungi?

A

form hyphae that surround but do NOT penetrate plant root cells,, they penetrate in between the cells instead
- transfer nitrogen from the soil to the plant in exchange for sugar
- most often found on trees

41
Q

what are endomychorrhizal fungi?

A

from hyphae that penetrate the plant root cells, they exchange nitrogen for sugar
(found in 80% of plants)
- transfer nutrogen in exchanfe for sugars

42
Q

what is an example of mutualism between fungi and animals

A

leafcutter ants,, the ants bring root to the funi colony and the fugi digests it and leaves components that the ants can actually eat

43
Q

asecualadaptations for reporduction of fungi

A
  • fungi are primarily haploid
  • haploid sporangia divide by mitosis to produce spores ,, the spores then undergo mitosis to form mycelium
44
Q

spores are less vulnerable to

A

drying out

45
Q

true or false, you would use an antibiotic to treat a fungal infection

A

false

46
Q

what are the 4 types of reproductive structures in fungi?

A
  1. ascomycetes
  2. basidiomycetes
  3. cytrids
  4. zygomycetes
47
Q

what is the reproductive structure chytrid?

A

swimming gametes and spores

48
Q

what is the reproductive structure basidiomycetes?

A

(basidia) club shaped structure where meiosis occurs and 4 spores form
(looks like a cartoon hand missing a thumb)

49
Q

what is the reproductive structure ascomycetes?

A

(asci) sac like cells where meiosis occur and 8 spores form
look like corndogs with holes in them

50
Q

what is the reproductive structure of zygomycetes?

A

(zygosporangia) spore producing structures that form when hyphae are yolked
looks like a o0o

Bio 110 (20 decks)

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