Bio Exam 3 Class 5 (Fungi) Flashcards
fungi are mostly
multicellular
fungi absorb nutrients by being
- parasite
- saprophytes
-symbionts
fungi are key for recycling
nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous
fungi are the worlds most important
decomposeres
fungi are the only species in the world that can digest
wood
if we didn’t have fungi then the earth would be
piled high with wood
what are some examples of parasitic fungi?
athletes foot, yeast infections
sapropytes are
decomposers
parasites are
pathogens
sybionts are
mutualists
what are the two forms of fungi
yeast (single celeld)
mycelia (multicell)
mycelia are similar to what in plants?
roots
what do mycelia do?
penetrate soils and cells
what are mycelia composed of?
hyphae
what are hyphae?
long thin filaments that cover extensie areas
the mycelia is what portion of the fungus?
the feeding portion
the hyphae are divided into
septa
what is the septa?
the cells thay hyphae are divided into
what is the function of the septa
allows for the flow of nutrints between the compartments of the hyphae
what are coenocytic myceli?
have several nuclei and cannot be divided into separate cells,, they do not have septa
some fungi can be
predatory
what is an example of the predatory fungi
cordyceps, the zombie ant thingy
why do we study fungi?
-health
- food
- carbon and nutrient cycles
what are the heath impacts of fungi
- some fungi have antimicrobial impacts
- pathogens,, ringworm athlets foot
- mold
- source of antibiotics ie penicilin
what is fungis impact on the food supply
- mushrooms
- alcohol fermentation
- molds on foods
- plant diseases
what are fungis impact on the carbon and nutrient cycles
- fungi digest cellulose and lignin which contain carbon and release it into the atmosphere for plants to later use
fungi can include
mushrooms molds, mildews, and yeast
fungi is not
mobile
fungi are
chemoorganoheterotrophs and obtain nutrients through extracellular digestion
fungi are more closely related to
animals
what are the 3 morphological traits that fungi and animals share?
chitin
flagella on the gametes
store food in the form of glycogen
what is chitin?
prominent component of the cell walls in fungi
what are the 6 lineages of fungi?
microsporidia
chytrids
zygomycetes
glomeromycetes
ascomycetes
-
macroevolution between the groups of fungi is best understoon through
obtaining food and reproduction
what are mycorrhizal fungi?
grow on roots and serve as a source of nutrients
- help the plant grow
-
the fungi and the roots that that inhabit are called
mycorrhizae
saprophyte fungi
digest dead plant materal (decomp)
- secrete lignin peroxidase to digest lignin
- secrete cellulase to digest cellulose
what are ecto- (outside) and endo- (inside) phtes
live between and within plant cells and in association with roots leaves flowers and stems
what are the two secretions of saprophyte fungi?
- lignin peroxidase
-cellulase
what are ectomychorrizal fungi?
form hyphae that surround but do NOT penetrate plant root cells,, they penetrate in between the cells instead
- transfer nitrogen from the soil to the plant in exchange for sugar
- most often found on trees
what are endomychorrhizal fungi?
from hyphae that penetrate the plant root cells, they exchange nitrogen for sugar
(found in 80% of plants)
- transfer nutrogen in exchanfe for sugars
what is an example of mutualism between fungi and animals
leafcutter ants,, the ants bring root to the funi colony and the fugi digests it and leaves components that the ants can actually eat
asecualadaptations for reporduction of fungi
- fungi are primarily haploid
- haploid sporangia divide by mitosis to produce spores ,, the spores then undergo mitosis to form mycelium
spores are less vulnerable to
drying out
true or false, you would use an antibiotic to treat a fungal infection
false
what are the 4 types of reproductive structures in fungi?
- ascomycetes
- basidiomycetes
- cytrids
- zygomycetes
what is the reproductive structure chytrid?
swimming gametes and spores
what is the reproductive structure basidiomycetes?
(basidia) club shaped structure where meiosis occurs and 4 spores form
(looks like a cartoon hand missing a thumb)
what is the reproductive structure ascomycetes?
(asci) sac like cells where meiosis occur and 8 spores form
look like corndogs with holes in them
what is the reproductive structure of zygomycetes?
(zygosporangia) spore producing structures that form when hyphae are yolked
looks like a o0o
