Bio Exam 4 Class 3 (Deuterostomes) Flashcards
all deuterstomes are also
bilateral triploblasts
deuterstomes are not as … as protostomes
neumerous
what forms first for deuterostomes
anus first
what are the two main groups of deuterstomes
echinodermata and chordata
what do echino derms include?
marine invertabrates (sea urchins. sea stars, sea cucumbers)
what are the 4 synapomorphies of echinoderms?
- pentaridal symmetry
- endoskeleton
- water vascular system
- tube feet
ehinoderm larva are… symmetrical.. adults are
bilateral,, pentaradial
some echinoderms have evolved an
exoskeleton
what does the water vascular system do for echinodems>
hydrostati skeleton
what do tube feet do>
help with movement and predation
what and how do echinoderms feed.
algae and prey on animals
- suspension feed or eat detritus
what are some of the ecosystem impacts of echinodermata>
ex. kelp forests
- sea urchins eat kelp
- otters eat urchins
- sea urchins then boomed everywhere which then deforested the kelp
- this leading of less o2 and carbon sequestration
what are chordates?
include two sub groups plus verbrates
what are the 3 froupd of chordates
cephalochordates
urochordates
vertebrates
what are the 4 synapomorphies of chordates
- pharyngeal gill slits
- dorsal hollow nerve chord
- notochord
- post anal tail
what are vertabrates?
a subgroup of chordates that share two additional synapomorphies
what are the 2 additional synapomorphies of vertabrates?
vertebrae
cranium
what is the vertabrae?
bony or cartilaginous structural support column
what is the cranium?
bony or cart. fibrous case that encloses the brain
where did the craium first evolve from?
the boney exoskeleton
the first vertabrae are
cartilagenous
what morphological innovation did the vertabrates develop to live on land
jawws
bony endoskel
limbs- tetrapod
amniotic eggs
jaws gradually evolved from
pharyngeal gill arches
jaws allowd…
ray finned fishes and tetrapods to capture food
fish are not
monophyletic
approximately half of all vertabrate species are… and the other half are…
ray finned fishes and tetrapods
fossil evidence suggests that fins evolved into
limbs
what do limbs allow for
movement on land
what does the amniotic eggs help with
protects embryos from dessication
amniotes are split into two groups
mammals and reptiles
the amniotic egg is different between reptiles and mammals in that
the reptiles have a shell and in mammals they have a placenta
what mammals lay eggs
platypi and echidnas
what are the advantages and disadvantages to parental care
advantages:
- better survival for offspring
Disadvantages:
- lactation is a lot of enerygy
- moms will fight to the death for her offspring
- have to find food for their young
what is an r selected species
individuals with high mortality
- many babies at once
- low parental care
ex.) mice and rabbits
what are k selecte dspecies
- lower mortality rate
- high parental care
- only a few babies at once
look at the surviroship curve for word map
hehe
examples of r selected
cockroach dandelion
examples of k selected
elephant and saguaro cactus
what was the importance of feather evolution
-insulation
- display
- flight facilitation
what are primates>
mammals that include moneys, apes and humans
what are the 2 groups of primates>
- prosimians (arboreal, small, nocturnal)
- anthropoids (human like)
what are hominidae?
himinids are a subgroup of mammals including gorillas chips humans etc.
what are 3 sunapomorphies of hominids>
1 large brians
2 hand and feet
3 parental care
what is bipedalism?
found only in hominids
