Final Exam Class 1 Flashcards
local, regional, and global abiotic factors result in different….that influence…
environmental conditions…species distribution
geology also influences
environmental conditions
what are different regions in the US drier than others?
mountains.
how do mountains influence weather patterns
they produce extremes in precipitation on either side
- very rainy on one
-very dry on the other
(air rises over mountains and cools, rain then falls)
(loses moisture once it descends the mountain, making then air very dry on the other side of the mountain
rain shadow example:
New Zealand
why are there no deserts east of the Appalachian mountains?
go look it up it will be an extra credit question
what is weather
short term patterns in temperature, precipitation, over hours, days, and weeks
what are seasons
regular annual fluctuations in temperature, precipitation nor both
what is climate?
long term patterns of temperature and precipitation based on averages and variation measured over decades
climate influenced by:
regional and global factors like temp, precipitation, ocean currents
regions near the equator receive more
direct sunlight,, therefore these regions are warmer over longer periods of the year
go look at the hadley cell diagrams
in the powerpoint
what are hadley cells?
two air circulation cells between the equator and 30 N nd 30S latitudes
they are responsible for precipitation patterns, and prevailing wind direction
the cells influence neighboring wind currents
what are the two major efect of ind cycling patterns
- rainy near equator
- desets near 30 degrees
hadley cells combined with… influence…
geology… ocean currents
seasons
go look at diagram on powerpoint
what causes seasons?
the tilt of the earth
what are ecosystems that are characterized by dominant vegetation and distinct abiotic factors
biomes
tropical rainforests?
equatorial regions
high productivity
no seasonal variation in temp
lost of variation in precipitation
high temp
high precipitation
subtropical deserts
foound at 30 degrees Lat. north and south
low productivity
moderate temp variation
low precipitation
low variation in precipitation
moderate variation in temp
temperate grasslands
above 30 Lat north or south
moderate precip and temp variation
can only support grasses
low precip
moderate temp
temperate forests
are found above 40 degrees lat north o south
moderate temp
low precip variation
moderate variation in temp
moderate precip
boreal forests
found above 50 at nrth or south
dominated by cold tolderant evergreen trees
low evaporation supports trre grouth
low temps with high variation
low precip with lo variation
arctic tundra
above 60 degrees latitudeo No or S
temperature and precip ae low
high variation in temp
low variation in precip
polar regions
above 90 lat N or S
temp and precip are very low
massive glaciers
organisms with marine connections
organism that are extremophiles
anthropogenic biomes
biomes that have been highly modified by humans
what percentage of biomes show evidence of human alteration
75%
ways that humans can impact biomes and make them anthropogenic
farming, logging, urbanization
what percent of the earth is home to marine or freshwater aquativ biomes?
70%
what are rhe abiotic factors in aquatic biomes?
salinity, water depth, water flow, and nutrient availability.
what is salinity
they number of solutes in the water
freshwater- few
oceans- high
what percentage of the water on earth is oceans>
97%
marine oceans are divided into
zones
what is rhe order of the marine zones?
intertidal
neritic
oceanic
photic
aphotic
(more descriptions on powerpont)
what are the land mass zones in the oceans?
continental shelf
benthic (b=bottom)
what are some freshwater bodies of water>
freshwater lakes and ponds
lakes and ponds have 5 zones
littoral zone
limnetic zone
photic zone
aphotic zone
+benthic zone
species are effected by what factors in aquatic biomes?
zone, water depth, and nutrients
in lakes changes in seasonal temperatre cause
nutrient poor water to sin and nutrient rich water to rise (nutrient turnover)
how often does nutrient turnover occur?
every spring and fall
freshwater wetlands
shallow biomes
swamps and marshes
low depth
little water flow
recieve water from rivers and streams
some drainage
bogs
recieve water from the precipitation in the area
streams and rivers
shallow flowing water bodies that flow downstream
can vary drastically in temp nurtiends etc.
rivers connect the entire united sates,, no one biome is totally isolated
estuaries
where rivers flow to the ocean
- gradients of salinity and water depth varies greatly
high nutrient availabiliy
