Bio Exam 3 Class 2 (Protists) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is primary endosymbiosis?

A

when an anceient protist engulfed a cynobacteria

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2
Q

what is secodary endosymbiosis

A

when a protist engulfs a protist that already had a chloroplast

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3
Q

endosymbiosis does not account for the origin of..

A

the nucleus

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4
Q

how did the er and nuclear membrane form?

A

the outer membrane infolded inward and made the ER and made the nucleus

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5
Q

what is the evidence for the nuclear membrane infolding to form the nucleus?

A

NM and ER are continuous

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6
Q

what did the infoldings of the nucleus do?

A

it separated transcription and translation (better allows for gene enscription

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7
Q

many but not all protists have elaborate

A

cells walls and shells

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8
Q

amoeboid protists (unicellular) lack

A

elaborate cell walls

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9
Q

what was the greatest innovation for protists?

A

multicellularity

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10
Q

what did multicellularity allow cells to do?

A

specialize for different functions, and increase in size

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11
Q

what is another major innovation in protists

A

the development of sexual reproduction

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12
Q

what are the advantages for asexual reproduction?

A
  • you know what you are going to get
  • can reproduce faster
  • “cheaper”
  • dont waste time looking for a mate
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13
Q

what are advantages about sexual reproduction

A
  • swapping genes allows for variable phenotypes
  • less susceptible to pathogens
  • variability allows for a higher chance of success
  • fewer clones to compete for resources (less offspring)
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14
Q

protists can either reproduce asexually through… or sexually though…

A

mitosis,,, meiosis

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15
Q

protists can be predominately… or …..

A

haploid or diploid

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16
Q

what is the alternation of generations

A

includes haploid and diploid phases

17
Q

why do we study protists?

A

medical importance
ecological importance
critical for understanding the evolution of plants, animals, and fungi by analyzing morphological innovations

18
Q

what are some of the medical impacts of protists

A
  • some protists cause disease (irish potato famine) (malaria)
19
Q

what is plasmodium?

A

infects the liver and blood cells where it is picked up by mosquitos, produces, and infects others

20
Q

protists make up only …% of names euks

A

10%

21
Q

the abundance of protists are very

A

high

22
Q

what are some ecological impacts of protists?

A
  • primary producers (phytoplankton)
  • they make up the base part of the aquatic food chain
    -consumers and decomposers
23
Q

what is an example of amoebozoa>

A

slime molds

24
Q

what is the habitat of a slime mold?

A

wet forest

25
Q

what is an example of an excavata?

A

euglenids,, freshwater habitat,, single celled,, lack mitoch.,, have choloroplasts,, asexual

26
Q

what is an example of a plantae?

A

algae,, ocean and hot spring habitat, multicell and alternation of generations

27
Q

what is an example of a rhizaria?

A

actinopods, ovean habitats, feed by phagocytosis, reporduce asexually by mitosis

28
Q

what is an example of an alveolata?

A

apicomplexans,, parasitic habitat, unicellular and responsible for many diseases

29
Q

what is an example of stramenopila?

A

diatoms,, ocean and freshwater habitat, unicellular have chloros,
brown algae, ocean habitat, chloros, alternation of gen,, secondary endosymb.

30
Q

example of opistokonta

A

choanoflagellates,,
(closest relative to animals)