Bio Exam 3 Class 3 (Green Algae and Plants)

Question 1

why do we study plants

Answer 1

they produce oxygen and food

Question 2

green plants include:

Answer 2

green algae
land plants (terrestrial and aquatic)

Question 3

what is an ecosystem service?

Answer 3

any benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people,,

Question 4

what ecosystems services do land plants provide?>

Answer 4

• they use photosynthesis to make oxygen
• provide food for heterotrophs
• regulate the environment
• erosion control
• renerwable building materials
  -pharmaceuticals and biofuels
• carbon sinks

Question 5

at are the steps of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

• draws up water through the roots
• leaves take in CO2
• leaves trap energy from the sun
• pant uses the energy of sunlight to turn water and co2 into sugar and o2
• the plant uses oxygen into the air
• the plant uses the sugars for growth

Question 6

at are the steps of photosynthesis?

Answer 6

• draws up water through the roots
• leaves take in CO2
• leaves trap energy from the sun
• pant uses the energy of sunlight to turn water and co2 into sugar and o2
• the plant uses oxygen into the air
• the plant uses the sugars for growth-

Question 7

how do plants regulate their environment

Answer 7

• softens the impact of rain on the soil
• act as giant sponges for water
• provide shade
• prevent landscapes from drying out die to wind
• enhance overall soil holding capacity
• they also prevent erosion

Question 8

how do biologists study plant evolution

Answer 8

morphology
fossils
phylogenies

Question 9

where did land plants evolve from?

Answer 9

green algae

Question 10

when did green algae

Answer 10

700 MYA when oxygen increased in the atmosphere

Question 11

what are the 5 major radiations of morphological innovations of land plants?

Answer 11

• origin of plants
• Silurian devonian explosion
• carboniferous
• gymnosperm abudant
• angiosperm abundant

Question 12

origin of plants radiation

Answer 12

• cuticles and spores formed

Question 13

silurian devonian explosion radiation

Answer 13

• primitive vascular tissue
• roots
  -stomata
• leaves
• colonized in conjunction with symbiotic fungi

Question 14

carboniferous radiation

Answer 14

• fossils from coal deposits
• seedless vascular plants
  ex.) giant club mosses

Question 15

gymnosperm abundant radiation

Answer 15

both wet and dry environments had land plants for the first time
- evolution of seeds
- these were much better at surviving dry conditions
- wind driven pollination

Question 16

angiosperm abundant radiation

Answer 16

the diversification of flowering plants began
- evolution of the flower
- animal driven pollination
ex.) flies, hummingbirds, bees, etc.

Question 17

why did plants move from aquatic to terrestrial areas?

Answer 17

there i more light and Co2 on land

Question 18

what are spores?

Answer 18

reproductive cells covered with a sheetlike waxy coating like sporopollenin

Question 19

sporangia

Answer 19

spore producing organs

Question 20

what is the cuticle?

Answer 20

a water tight barrier that prevents drying out

Question 21

what was one of the most innovations that made the transition to land possible for plants?

Answer 21

the cuticle

Question 22

what was the risk of plants moving from water to land?

Answer 22

they were at risk of drying out

Question 23

what does the cuticle do?

Answer 23

prevented water loss and UV radiation

Question 24

what was a problem with the cuticle

Answer 24

it blocked respiration

Question 25

what do Stomata do?

Answer 25

prevents water loss and regulates gas exchange

Question 26

what is the function of the stomata

Answer 26

they typically open during the day when a plant is generating energy which allows Co2 to enter then they close at night to prevent water loss

Question 27

roots

Answer 27

anchor the plant in the ground and soak up water and nutrients

Question 28

reproductive systems of the flower

Answer 28

female: ovary,, inside the ovary are the ovules, style, stigma male: sepal (supports the petals), petal, filament, anther, the stamen is the filament and the anther together (there is a diagram on the powerpoint to refer to)

Question 29

what are the lineages of plants?

Answer 29

green algae nonvascular plants vascular plants gymnosperms angiosperms (the last two aka seed plants)

Question 30

land plants are split into three groups

Answer 30

non vasc, vasc, and seed plants

Question 31

what are non vasular plants

Answer 31

plants that grow very close to the ground bc they do not have vascular tisseue that can conduct water and provude support

Question 32

what are examples of green algae?

Answer 32

ulvophytes, stoneworts

Question 33

what are the habitats of green algae>

Answer 33

freshwater or marine

Question 34

why are green algae improtant?

Answer 34

they provide oxygenand food

Question 35

what are examples of nonvas plants:

Answer 35

liverwortd, hornworts, mosses,, llive in terrestrial or freshwater environments

Question 36

why are non vas plants important

Answer 36

they are important for soil formation

Question 37

what is the alternation of generations?

Answer 37

individuals exist in either a haploid (gametophyte) or diploid (sporophyte) state

Question 38

what is a gametophyte>

Answer 38

produces gametes through mitosis

Question 39

what is a sporophyte?

Answer 39

develops from a zygote produced by fertilization

Question 40

what is a spore

Answer 40

a single haploid cell produced by meiosis

Question 41

what is the point of the alternation of generations theory?

Answer 41

sporophytes can make many more spores via meiosis than a single diploid zygote can - better dispersal on land, so spores can reach distand favorable environments

Question 42

what are moss sperm like

Answer 42

they have to swim through water to get to the egg

Question 43

what are two ways that moss sperm can be transported?

Answer 43

splash cups and springtails - moss in the presence of spring tails have greater reproductive success

Question 44

why were nonvascular plants prevalent early on?

Answer 44

the plants were in a fight against gravity and wind

Question 45

the evolution of vascular tissue provided

Answer 45

better support needed for taller upright growth and for the transportation of water

Question 46

what are lignids?

Answer 46

go look on pwer piint

Question 47

what are traechids?

Answer 47

long cells that facilitate water transportation in the cell

Question 48

what is xylem

Answer 48

transports water and minerals up from the roots into the rest of the plants

Question 49

what is the phloem

Answer 49

transports sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 50

what are some examples of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 50

clubmosses, ferns, horsetails moist forests - also have swimming sperm

Question 51

what are the functions of seedless vascular plants

Answer 51

landscaping and food

Question 52

how do plants get around drying out>

Answer 52

the cuticle

Question 53

how did plants get around gravity>

Answer 53

the lignin and traechids