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Bio 110 > Bio Exam 3 Class 3 (Green Algae and Plants) > Flashcards

Bio Exam 3 Class 3 (Green Algae and Plants) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why do we study plants

A

they produce oxygen and food

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2
Q

green plants include:

A

green algae
land plants (terrestrial and aquatic)

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem service?

A

any benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people,,

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4
Q

what ecosystems services do land plants provide?>

A
  • they use photosynthesis to make oxygen
  • provide food for heterotrophs
  • regulate the environment
  • erosion control
  • renerwable building materials
    -pharmaceuticals and biofuels
  • carbon sinks
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5
Q

at are the steps of photosynthesis?

A
  • draws up water through the roots
  • leaves take in CO2
  • leaves trap energy from the sun
  • pant uses the energy of sunlight to turn water and co2 into sugar and o2
  • the plant uses oxygen into the air
  • the plant uses the sugars for growth
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6
Q

at are the steps of photosynthesis?

A
  • draws up water through the roots
  • leaves take in CO2
  • leaves trap energy from the sun
  • pant uses the energy of sunlight to turn water and co2 into sugar and o2
  • the plant uses oxygen into the air
  • the plant uses the sugars for growth-
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7
Q

how do plants regulate their environment

A
  • softens the impact of rain on the soil
  • act as giant sponges for water
  • provide shade
  • prevent landscapes from drying out die to wind
  • enhance overall soil holding capacity
  • they also prevent erosion
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8
Q

how do biologists study plant evolution

A

morphology
fossils
phylogenies

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9
Q

where did land plants evolve from?

A

green algae

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10
Q

when did green algae

A

700 MYA when oxygen increased in the atmosphere

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11
Q

what are the 5 major radiations of morphological innovations of land plants?

A
  • origin of plants
  • Silurian devonian explosion
  • carboniferous
  • gymnosperm abudant
  • angiosperm abundant
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12
Q

origin of plants radiation

A
  • cuticles and spores formed
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13
Q

silurian devonian explosion radiation

A
  • primitive vascular tissue
  • roots
    -stomata
  • leaves
  • colonized in conjunction with symbiotic fungi
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14
Q

carboniferous radiation

A
  • fossils from coal deposits
  • seedless vascular plants
    ex.) giant club mosses
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15
Q

gymnosperm abundant radiation

A

both wet and dry environments had land plants for the first time
- evolution of seeds
- these were much better at surviving dry conditions
- wind driven pollination

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16
Q

angiosperm abundant radiation

A

the diversification of flowering plants began
- evolution of the flower
- animal driven pollination
ex.) flies, hummingbirds, bees, etc.

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17
Q

why did plants move from aquatic to terrestrial areas?

A

there i more light and Co2 on land

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18
Q

what are spores?

A

reproductive cells covered with a sheetlike waxy coating like sporopollenin

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19
Q

sporangia

A

spore producing organs

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20
Q

what is the cuticle?

A

a water tight barrier that prevents drying out

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21
Q

what was one of the most innovations that made the transition to land possible for plants?

A

the cuticle

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22
Q

what was the risk of plants moving from water to land?

A

they were at risk of drying out

23
Q

what does the cuticle do?

A

prevented water loss and UV radiation

24
Q

what was a problem with the cuticle

A

it blocked respiration

25
Q

what do Stomata do?

A

prevents water loss and regulates gas exchange

26
Q

what is the function of the stomata

A

they typically open during the day when a plant is generating energy which allows Co2 to enter then they close at night to prevent water loss

27
Q

roots

A

anchor the plant in the ground and soak up water and nutrients

28
Q

reproductive systems of the flower

A

female: ovary,, inside the ovary are the ovules, style, stigma
male: sepal (supports the petals), petal, filament, anther, the stamen is the filament and the anther together (there is a diagram on the powerpoint to refer to)

29
Q

what are the lineages of plants?

A

green algae
nonvascular plants
vascular plants
gymnosperms
angiosperms
(the last two aka seed plants)

30
Q

land plants are split into three groups

A

non vasc, vasc, and seed plants

31
Q

what are non vasular plants

A

plants that grow very close to the ground bc they do not have vascular tisseue that can conduct water and provude support

32
Q

what are examples of green algae?

A

ulvophytes, stoneworts

33
Q

what are the habitats of green algae>

A

freshwater or marine

34
Q

why are green algae improtant?

A

they provide oxygenand food

35
Q

what are examples of nonvas plants:

A

liverwortd, hornworts, mosses,, llive in terrestrial or freshwater environments

36
Q

why are non vas plants important

A

they are important for soil formation

37
Q

what is the alternation of generations?

A

individuals exist in either a haploid (gametophyte) or diploid (sporophyte) state

38
Q

what is a gametophyte>

A

produces gametes through mitosis

39
Q

what is a sporophyte?

A

develops from a zygote produced by fertilization

40
Q

what is a spore

A

a single haploid cell produced by meiosis

41
Q

what is the point of the alternation of generations theory?

A

sporophytes can make many more spores via meiosis than a single diploid zygote can
- better dispersal on land, so spores can reach distand favorable environments

42
Q

what are moss sperm like

A

they have to swim through water to get to the egg

43
Q

what are two ways that moss sperm can be transported?

A

splash cups and springtails
- moss in the presence of spring tails have greater reproductive success

44
Q

why were nonvascular plants prevalent early on?

A

the plants were in a fight against gravity and wind

45
Q

the evolution of vascular tissue provided

A

better support needed for taller upright growth and for the transportation of water

46
Q

what are lignids?

A

go look on pwer piint

47
Q

what are traechids?

A

long cells that facilitate water transportation in the cell

48
Q

what is xylem

A

transports water and minerals up from the roots into the rest of the plants

49
Q

what is the phloem

A

transports sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant

50
Q

what are some examples of seedless vascular plants?

A

clubmosses, ferns, horsetails
moist forests
- also have swimming sperm

51
Q

what are the functions of seedless vascular plants

A

landscaping and food

52
Q

how do plants get around drying out>

A

the cuticle

53
Q

how did plants get around gravity>

A

the lignin and traechids

Bio 110 (20 decks)

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