Exam 4 Class 4 Introduction to Ecology

Question 1

what is ecology

Answer 1

the study of how orgnisms nteract with each other and the environment

Question 2

the primary goal of studying ecology is to undrstand

Answer 2

the distribution, diversity, and abundance of organisms

Question 3

there is not species that can

Answer 3

exist in all environments

Question 4

what are some fundamental questions of ecology?

Answer 4

• why do some individuals live and some die
• why do some species move between habitats
• how do some species become invasive
• how will species respond to climate change?

Question 5

what are the 5 levels that ecology is studied at?

Answer 5

1. organismal
2. population
3. community
4. ecosystem
5. biosphere aka global

Question 6

go take a look at the chart on the power point that has details for each level

Answer 6

hehe

Question 7

what is organismal ecology?

Answer 7

explores adaptations that allow individuals to live in a particular area
asks how individuals interact with each other and the environment
- behavior, sexual selection, physiology in diff. habitats

Question 8

what is population ecology

Answer 8

explores how and why the abundance and distribution of individuals within a population change over time
- offspring success, river variability, competition for resources

Question 9

what is an example of organismal ecology?

Answer 9

salmon migrate from freshwater environments to breed
(salmon migration patterns)

Question 10

what is an example of population ecology?

Answer 10

few salmon offspring will survive to the same stream to breed
(salmon offspring survival rates)

Question 11

what is community ecology?

Answer 11

explores how populations of different species interact with each other and what the consequences of these interactions are
-competition with other species, predators, and pathogens

Question 12

what is an example of community ecology?

Answer 12

salmon act as prey as well as predators
(study of the salmons impact in the community food web)

Question 13

what is ecosystem ecology?

Answer 13

explores the interactions among the living an dnon living components of a region
- energy flow, nutrient cycles between marine freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems

Question 14

what is an example of ecosystem ecology?

Answer 14

salmon die and decompose then reslease nutrients that are used by other organisms
(salmons death impact on the ecosystem)

Question 15

what is biosphere/global ecology?

Answer 15

explores interactions among ecosystems on earth
- change in one region can affect other regions as well

Question 16

what is an example of biosphere ecology?

Answer 16

the salmons complex life cycle and their reduced populations greatly impact humans
(the interaction between salmon populations and humans around the world)

Question 17

what is conservation of biology

Answer 17

the study of humans effect on the environment and attempt to reduce and restore it

Question 18

example of a conservation biology measure

Answer 18

dam removal

Question 19

what is biogeography?

Answer 19

the study of how organisms are distributed geographically

Question 20

distribution is effected by

Answer 20

abiotic and biotic factors

Question 21

what are some abiotic factors that can effect a species geographic distribution:

Answer 21

temperature , moisture, sunlight, salinity

Question 22

what are some biotic factors that can effects a species geographic distribution

Answer 22

competitiors, predators, prey, reproductive requirements, parasites

Question 23

past abiotic and biotic factors also

Answer 23

influence present distribution

Question 24

what is an example of a natural dispersal barrier on current distribution?

Answer 24

wallace line that seperate asian and australin species

Question 25

what is an example of a biotic factor that could effect dispersal

Answer 25

dominant male cougars take over an area and the subordinates do not enter
a hunter kills a dominant make so now younger males will come into the area looking to claim the new territory
- they want to defend the new territory
- more prey abundance
- trees to climb and conceal themselves
- humans

Question 26

how do we measure population sizes?

Answer 26

uber of individuals at the time + births - deaths + immigration - emigration

Question 27

how do we measure pop growth:

Answer 27

(births - deaths +immigration - emigration) / (original population)
then x by 100