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Bio 110 > Bio Exam 3 Class 4 (Green Algae and Plants Cont.) > Flashcards

Bio Exam 3 Class 4 (Green Algae and Plants Cont.) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gymnosperms

A
  • seed plants
  • live in dry fields and forests
  • sporophyte dominant life cycle
    -heterosporous
  • ex.) conifers, pine trees, etc.
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2
Q

traechids and vessel elements

A

allowed plants to more efficiently transport water
- allowed seed plants to grow taller in drier environemtns

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3
Q

xylem moves

A

up

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4
Q

phloem move

A

down

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5
Q

non vacular plants do not have

A

traechids, xylem, or phloeam

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6
Q

what does phloeam do>

A

transprots sugars from the rest of the leaves down to the rest of the plant

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7
Q

what is wood

A

when tracheid’s and vessel elements form extremely strong support materials called wood
(diagram in the powerpoint)

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8
Q

nonvascular plants are

A

homosporous

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9
Q

vascular plants are

A

hetersporous

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10
Q

hetrospory

A

aka kdifferent sporangia
-evolution in seed plants

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11
Q

microsporangia produce

A

microspores

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12
Q

microspores produce

A

male gametophytes

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13
Q

male gametophytes produce

A

sperm

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14
Q

megasorangia produce

A

megaspores

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15
Q

megasores produce

A

female gametophytes

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16
Q

female gametophytes produce

A

eggs

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17
Q

what is the male gametophyte?

A

pollen grain

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18
Q

heterospory led to the evolution of

A

pollen

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19
Q

what is pollen

A

male gametophytes encased in sporopollenin

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20
Q

why is pollen good

A

it prevents drying out and can be dispersed by wind or animals

21
Q

seed plants do not have sperm

A

flagellated

22
Q

why do seed plants not have flagellated sperm>

A

they did not reqjuire watr for reprocton

23
Q

what is the benefit of seeds?

A

they provided a protective coat and nutrients to the embryo so that it could live outside the plant
(freedom from water)

24
Q

angio sperms

A

flowering seed plants
- habitat,, everywhere except for the deep ocea
-sporophyte dominated life cycle
- most diverse group of land plants

25
Q

what are the two major groups of angiosperms

A
  • monocots
  • eudicots
26
Q

what are the differences between monocot sand eudicots?

A

different on cotyledons, vascular tissue, veins, and flowers

27
Q

what is a cotyledon?

A

embrionic leaves,, they store nutrients and supplies for the developing plant

28
Q

4 morphological diffferences between monocots and eudicots

A

look at the PowerPoint for the chart

29
Q

what is a stamen>

A

found in flowers and it is where microsporangia develop

30
Q

what is a carpel?

A

found in flowers where the megasporangia develop

31
Q

andgiosperm require

A

double fertilization

32
Q

what is double fertilization?

A

one sperm fertilized the egg to form the zygots
a second sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the endosporm

33
Q

what is the endospem

A

(3n) nutrient rich “yolk”

34
Q

petals of slowers are part of

A

pollination syndromes

35
Q

what are pollenation syndromes?

A

suites of traits that co evolve with specific pollinators

36
Q

what is nectar

A

the reward tha pollinators get for pollinating the plants

37
Q

what is a fruit?

A

derived from the ovary and it contains one or more seeds
(some angiosperms evolve fruits that attract animals so that theyll disperse their fertilized seeds)
(some seeds have specialized structures that allow them to be disperses by wind or water)

38
Q

why have angiosperms under gone an explosion in adaptive radiation

A

vascular tissue, veins, fruit, flowers

39
Q

what are the key lineages of plants

A
  • nonvasular plants
  • seedless vascular
  • seed plants
40
Q

characteristics of nonvasc plants

A
  • low sprawling growth
  • anchored by rhizoids
    -flagellated sperm
  • coated sperm that are dispersed by wind
41
Q

characteristics of seedless vascular

A

lignin reinforced cells (xylem and phloem)
- flagellated sperm
- leaves and roots

42
Q

characteristics of seed plants

A
  • form a monophyletic group
  • gymnosperms and agniosperms
  • seeds
  • found in almost every habitat
43
Q

in gymnosperms the gametes come in

A

cones

44
Q

what are the 4 major differences between monocots and eudicots?

A
  • Cotelydons
  • vascular tissue
45
Q

how many cotelydons does a monocot have,, and how many cotelydons do eudicots have

A

1,, more than one

46
Q

what does the vascular tissue look like in monocots?,, in eudicots?

A
  • scattered around the stem
  • arranged in a circular pattern around the stem
47
Q

what type of veins to monocots have?,,, eudicots?

A
  • parallel veins IIIII
  • branching veins YYYYY
48
Q

what do flowers look like in monocots? eudicots>

A
  • multiples of 3
  • multiples of 4 or 5

Bio 110 (20 decks)

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