Bio Exam 3 Class 4 (Green Algae and Plants Cont.) Flashcards
gymnosperms
- seed plants
- live in dry fields and forests
- sporophyte dominant life cycle
-heterosporous - ex.) conifers, pine trees, etc.
traechids and vessel elements
allowed plants to more efficiently transport water
- allowed seed plants to grow taller in drier environemtns
xylem moves
up
phloem move
down
non vacular plants do not have
traechids, xylem, or phloeam
what does phloeam do>
transprots sugars from the rest of the leaves down to the rest of the plant
what is wood
when tracheid’s and vessel elements form extremely strong support materials called wood
(diagram in the powerpoint)
nonvascular plants are
homosporous
vascular plants are
hetersporous
hetrospory
aka kdifferent sporangia
-evolution in seed plants
microsporangia produce
microspores
microspores produce
male gametophytes
male gametophytes produce
sperm
megasorangia produce
megaspores
megasores produce
female gametophytes
female gametophytes produce
eggs
what is the male gametophyte?
pollen grain
heterospory led to the evolution of
pollen
what is pollen
male gametophytes encased in sporopollenin
why is pollen good
it prevents drying out and can be dispersed by wind or animals
seed plants do not have sperm
flagellated
why do seed plants not have flagellated sperm>
they did not reqjuire watr for reprocton
what is the benefit of seeds?
they provided a protective coat and nutrients to the embryo so that it could live outside the plant
(freedom from water)
angio sperms
flowering seed plants
- habitat,, everywhere except for the deep ocea
-sporophyte dominated life cycle
- most diverse group of land plants
what are the two major groups of angiosperms
- monocots
- eudicots
what are the differences between monocot sand eudicots?
different on cotyledons, vascular tissue, veins, and flowers
what is a cotyledon?
embrionic leaves,, they store nutrients and supplies for the developing plant
4 morphological diffferences between monocots and eudicots
look at the PowerPoint for the chart
what is a stamen>
found in flowers and it is where microsporangia develop
what is a carpel?
found in flowers where the megasporangia develop
andgiosperm require
double fertilization
what is double fertilization?
one sperm fertilized the egg to form the zygots
a second sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the endosporm
what is the endospem
(3n) nutrient rich “yolk”
petals of slowers are part of
pollination syndromes
what are pollenation syndromes?
suites of traits that co evolve with specific pollinators
what is nectar
the reward tha pollinators get for pollinating the plants
what is a fruit?
derived from the ovary and it contains one or more seeds
(some angiosperms evolve fruits that attract animals so that theyll disperse their fertilized seeds)
(some seeds have specialized structures that allow them to be disperses by wind or water)
why have angiosperms under gone an explosion in adaptive radiation
vascular tissue, veins, fruit, flowers
what are the key lineages of plants
- nonvasular plants
- seedless vascular
- seed plants
characteristics of nonvasc plants
- low sprawling growth
- anchored by rhizoids
-flagellated sperm - coated sperm that are dispersed by wind
characteristics of seedless vascular
lignin reinforced cells (xylem and phloem)
- flagellated sperm
- leaves and roots
characteristics of seed plants
- form a monophyletic group
- gymnosperms and agniosperms
- seeds
- found in almost every habitat
in gymnosperms the gametes come in
cones
what are the 4 major differences between monocots and eudicots?
- Cotelydons
- vascular tissue
how many cotelydons does a monocot have,, and how many cotelydons do eudicots have
1,, more than one
what does the vascular tissue look like in monocots?,, in eudicots?
- scattered around the stem
- arranged in a circular pattern around the stem
what type of veins to monocots have?,,, eudicots?
- parallel veins IIIII
- branching veins YYYYY
what do flowers look like in monocots? eudicots>
- multiples of 3
- multiples of 4 or 5
