Population Genetics

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular area at a particular time and that can potentially interbreed

Question 2

Population genetics

Answer 2

Study of genetics at the population level

Question 3

Gene pool

Answer 3

All the alleles in a population

Question 4

Allele frequency

Answer 4

Number of times a certain allele appears in the gene pool

Question 5

Hardy Weinberg principle

Answer 5

Mathematical model that predicts allele frequencies for a particular gene will not change from generation to generation
Based on 5 assumptions

Question 7

5 assumptions of Hardy Weinberg

Answer 7

No mutation of alleles
No selection in favour or against a given phenotype
Population large
No immigration or emigration occurs (genetic isolation)
Mating is at random

Question 8

Mutations effect

Answer 8

Lead to creation of new alleles so changes the relative allele frequencies in a population of other alleles of the same gene

Question 9

No selection effect

Answer 9

Selection for alleles: organisms with these favourable alleles more likely to survive reproduce and increase this allele frequency
Organisms with different alleles of same gene are more likely to die and reduce this allele frequency

Question 10

Having a small population

Answer 10

More prone to genetic drift thus changes in allele frequency

Question 11

Effect of migration/ immigration

Answer 11

Introduction of new alleles by immigration can reduce frequency of alleles of the same gene but increase this allele
And removal of alleles by emigration reduces allele frequency

Question 12

Effect of selective mating

Answer 12

Individuals actively choosing mates with specific characteristics caused by specific alleles will alter allele frequency, as these individuals will reproduce more, to pass on these specific alleles to offspring

Question 13

How are allele frequencies represented?

Answer 13

As decimals out of 1
Eg 0.8 = 80% of the gene pool has this allele

Question 14

What do all the allele frequencies of one gene add up to?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Probability of an individual in a population having a certain allele is equal to…

Answer 15

The allele frequency of the total population

Question 16

Hardy Weinberg equations

Answer 16

p + q = 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Question 18

What does p and q represent in the Hardy Weinberg equation?

Answer 18

p = one allele’s frequency
q = another allele (of the same gene)’s frequency
So p² and q² = frequency of homozygous for allele
pq = frequency of heterozygous, multiply by 2 because there’s 2 ways to achieve this = 2pq