Glycolysis For Aerobic And Anaerobic Respiration

Question 1

First stage of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 2

In the cytoplasm of cells

Question 3

First step of glycolysis

Answer 3

Phosphorylation of glucose molecule by the addition of 2 phosphate molecules to glucose
Requiring the use of energy released by 2 molecules of ATP being hydrolysed to ADP and Pi

Question 4

What happens to the phosphorylated glucose?

Answer 4

It splits into 2 molecules of triose phosphate

Question 5

Why do we phosphorylase glucose?

Answer 5

In order to make it more reactive thus easier to split

Question 6

What happens to 2 molecules of triose phosphate?

Answer 6

It is oxidised due to losing H+ and e- to 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 7

What happens during the oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate?

Answer 7

The hydrogen lost from triose phosphate (due to being oxidised) is gained by co-enzymes NAD thus reduces NAD to NADH
Also 4 molecules of ATP produced

Question 8

Net gain of ATP via glycolysis

Answer 8

2 ATP used up to phosphorylate glucose
4 ATP produced when oxidising Triose phosphate
So net gain of 2

Question 9

What is the process called where ATP is produced from oxidation of triose phosphate?

Answer 9

Via Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 10

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 10

When a phosphate group is transferred from a substrate molecule to ADP to synthesise ATP
Catalysed by an enzyme

Question 11

Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis

Answer 11

Triose phosphate transfers phosphate to ADP to produce ATP when it is oxidised to pyruvate

Question 12

Does substrate level phosphorylation require ATP synthase?

Answer 12

No! Uses a different enzyme

Question 13

Products of glycolysis from 1 glucose molecule

Answer 13

2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
2 Net gain of ATP

Question 14

What happens to the products of glycolysis in a plant/fungi cell?

Answer 14

Pyruvate is reduced to ethanol by gaining hydrogen from NADH that is lost
Also releases carbon dioxide

Question 15

What happens to NADH after it is oxidised back to NAD when reducing pyruvate to ethanol

Answer 15

The NAD is reused for further glycolysis

Question 16

Use of NAD in glycolysis

Answer 16

Is reduced to NADH when triose phosphate is oxidised by gaining hydrogen
NADH can be oxidised back to NAD in reduction of pyruvate or used for later processes (aerobic respiration)