Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids

A

Molecules that are found in fats and oils

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2
Q

Fats

A

Solid lipids

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3
Q

Oils

A

Liquid fats

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4
Q

Functions of lipids in our diet

A

A source of energy for respiration

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5
Q

Functions of lipids as tissue in our body

A

Adipose tissue/ fat on body:
Stores energy
Insulates the body
Protects the organs from injury

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6
Q

Functions of lipids in our cells

A

Part of membrane structures around cells and mitochondria

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7
Q

Categories of lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids

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8
Q

Triglyceride structure molecule

A

Molecule of glycerol
Bonded to 3 fatty acids

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9
Q

Fatty acid molecules

A

Contains carboxylic acid group at one end
Then long chain of carbons surrounded by hydrogen

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10
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms on the long chain

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11
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

Contains at least one double covalent carbon to carbon bond in the carbon chain

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12
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acid

A

Contains only 1 double covalent bond in the carbon chain

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13
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

Contains 2 or more double covalent bond double covalent bond in the carbon chain

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14
Q

Glycerol structure

A

3 carbon atoms bonded to 3 hydroxyl groups each
Rest is bonded to hydrogen

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15
Q

How does 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids bond together

A

The 3 OH groups in the acid group of each fatty acid
And the 3 OH groups of the glycerol form an ester bond (oxygen linking each molecule together) and water

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16
Q

Esterification

A

Forming ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids
Through condensation = releases water

17
Q

How are triglycerides digested?

A

Lipase enzymes break ester bonds which release the 3 fatty acids and glycerol
Requires water = hydrolysis

18
Q

Features of triglycerides

A

Insoluble in water (hydrophobic)
Large amounts of energy release

19
Q

Why are triglycerides hydrophobic?

A

Because it is non polar so won’t dissolve in the polar molecule water

20
Q

Why are triglycerides good stores of energy?

A

Contains many carbon to hydrogen bonds
Which when broken release a lot of energy

21
Q

Phospholipid structure

A

Glycerol molecule
Attached to 2 fatty acid molecules (ester bond)
Remaining carbon in the glycerol attaches to phosphate group forming a phosphodiester bond

22
Q

Phosphate group

A

PO₄³⁻
Is negatively charged

23
Q

Is the phosphate group polar?

A

Yes because there’s an uneven distribution of electrons in its bonding
And negatively charged

24
Q

Why is the phosphate group hydrophilic?

A

Because it is a polar molecule so attracts other polar molecules (water)

25
Simple way to show phospholipid
Circle with 2 lines coming out of it Circle = polar hydrophilic head (phosphate) and glycerol bonded to the acid group in fatty acids Lines = non polar hydrophobic fatty acids
26
Are fatty acids hydrophobic
Yes because it contains no oxygen to hydrogen bonds therefore not a polar molecule
27
Phospholipids properties
Contains hydrophobic region (fatty acidsl) Contains hydrophilic region (phosphate group and glycerol)
28
When phospholipid is put in water
The polar hydrophilic phosphate heads position themselves to interact with them And the hydrophobic tails cluster away from water molecules
29
Phospholipid bilayer
Structure formed when phospholipids face themselves where the hydrophilic head interacts with water molecules and hydrophobic tails face away
30
Phospholipid bilayer use
Forms membranes around cells and inside cells
31