Glucose Concentration Levels

Question 1

Insulin is triggered to release when…

Answer 1

The beta cells in islets of langerhans in the pancreas detects blood glucose concentration is too high

Question 2

Insulin is released from…

Answer 2

Beta cells of islets of langerhans in the pancreas

Question 3

What is insulin made of?

Answer 3

It is a protein

Question 4

Insulins target cells are

Answer 4

Liver and skeletal muscle cells

Question 5

What happens when insulin arrives at its target cells?

Answer 5

It binds to receptor proteins on the target cells cell membrane

Question 6

What is triggered when insulin binds to insulin receptors?

Answer 6

Vesicles containing glucose carrier proteins inside the target cell will fuse with the cell surface membrane
And activates certain enzymes in the target cells

Question 7

When glucose carrier proteins fuse with target cell membranes…

Answer 7

More glucose carrier proteins in the cell membrane causes more facilitated diffusion of glucose into the target cell

Question 8

Enzymes activated by the insulin receptors will….

Answer 8

Catalyse the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 9

When is glucagon released?

Answer 9

When the alpha cells in islets of Langerhan in the pancreas detects the blood glucose concentration is too low

Question 10

What releases glucagon?

Answer 10

Alpha cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas

Question 11

What is glucagon made of?

Answer 11

Protein

Question 12

Target cells of glucagon

Answer 12

Only the liver cells

Question 13

What does glucagon do to the liver target cells?

Answer 13

Binds to receptors on the liver target cells

Question 14

Binding glucagon to glucagon receptors means…

Answer 14

Activates enzymes which converts glycogen (storage of glucose) to glucose
And converts glycerol/amino acids to glucose

Question 15

How does glucose leave the target cell after glucagon uses?

Answer 15

Because glucose carrier proteins are always in target cells so can still leave even without insulin

Question 16

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 16

The adrenal glands

Question 17

When is adrenaline released?

Answer 17

In fight/flight or excitement situations

Question 18

Adrenaline target cells

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle cells and liver cells

Question 19

Glucagon vs adrenaline

Answer 19

Glucagon triggers release of glucose when blood glucose levels are too low
Adrenaline triggers release of glucose during fight or flight so more can be respired for ATP

Question 20

Adrenaline acts how?

Answer 20

Because it binds to receptors on liver and skeletal muscle cells, activates enzymes to convert glycogen to glucose

Question 21

Glycogenesis

Answer 21

Making of glycogen from glucose in a condensation reaction

Question 22

When does glycogenesis occur?

Answer 22

When blood glucose gets too high, so is taken in to liver/skeletal muscle cells and converted to glycogen for storage
Detected by insulin

Question 23

Glycogenolysis

Answer 23

The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose

Question 24

When does glycogenolysis occur?

Answer 24

When blood glucose levels get too low and glucagon and adrenaline triggers the hydrolysis to produce more glucose

Question 25

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

The production of glucose from amino acids or glycerol

Question 26

When does gluconeogenesis occur?

Answer 26

When blood glucose levels get too low so adrenaline and glucagon activates this conversion