Pigs Flashcards
Tissue from a pig. Morph and cause.
Diskopondylitis. Usually caused by Erysipelas now, used to be caused by Brucella suis a long time ago.
Tissue from a pig. Name the disease and give the etiologic cause.
This line of demarcation is very characteristic of the disease called Enzootic penumonia or “Thumps”. Caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Causes ciliostasis.
Tissue from a pig. Name the condition.
Pseudohermaphrodite (inside doesn’t match outside), so male pseudohermaphrodite since there are testes.
Tissue from a pig. Morph and cause.
Diffuse pinnal congestion and thrombosis. Causes are: Classical swine fever (endotheliotropic) and African swine fever (upregulates cytokines which causes vasculitis). Also sepsis - Salmonella typhi suis, S. cholerasuis, Actinobacillus suis, Erysipelothrix.
Tissue from a pig. Cause. Give another lesion.
Eryisepilas could be one, but this is PCVAD2 (porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome). Hemorrhage and infarction in the skin and glomerular thrombosis.
Formalin fixed tissue from a pig. 2 possible etiologies.
African swine fever, classical swine fever. Also Erysipelas, PCVAD-2 (porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome), also sepsis,
Tissue from a pig. Morph?
Nephroblastoma
Tissue from a pig. 3 causes.
Strep suis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Glaesserella parasuis (formerly Haemophilus parasuis). 3 causes of polyserositis in pigs.
Tissue from a pig. Morph. Cause.
Multiple to coalescing massive hepatic necrosis. Hepatosis dietetica. Vitamin E/selenium deficiency.
Tissue from a pig. What is the lesion?
Gall bladder edema. Porcine pestivirus (hog cholera AKA classical swine fever). DDx: AAEC causes edema disease, antyhing that causes right heart failure. In ruminants, think Salmonella. In dogs, canine adenovirus type 1. Also see the milk spots from ascarid migration.
The swine kidney worm is:
Stephanuris dentatus; nematode; causes granulomas near the kidney within the fat that communicate with the ureter to allow passage of eggs into the urine. Migrates throughout the body. DDx is Dioctpophyma renale (giant kidney worm) which can also affect swine and Ascaris suum. S. dentatus causes much more severe liver damage than A. suum.
Name the condition and another affected organ.
Dermatosis vegetans. Lung is another affected organ. Inherited disorder of young pigs; lesions are either present at birth or develop within first 3-weeks; fatal
· Erythematous maculopapular dermatitis progressing to thick, papillomatous crusts surrounded by a hyperemic raised border around a depressed center filled with brown-black, granular, brittle material; eventually become dark brown-black; prominent irregular epidermal hyperplasia
· May also have lesions on the coronary band and hoof (hoof malformation) which, if they occur, will be present at birth
· Concurrent giant cell pneumonia
Tissue from a weanling pig. Name the disease and give the etiology.
Greasy pig disease. Staphylococcus hyicus.
2 day old piglet. Etiology?
Clostridium perfrignes Type C. Beta toxin is important - normally inhibited by trypsin but neonates don’t have trypsin.
Tissue from a pig. Etiology?
Looks like Turkish cotton washcloth. Colonic necrosis with diphtheritic membrane. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (swine dysentery) is classic cause of this lesion.
Tissue from a pig.Morph and potential sequala?
Diffuse hyperkeratosis of the gastric pars esophagea; pre-lesion of gastric ulcers.
Bonus: finely ground feed (and multifactorial) associated with gastric ulcers in pigs historically
What is the kidney worm of swine called?
Stephanuris dentatus. Lives primarily in the ureter. Another organism that could cause this lesion is Eubacterium suis (lives in ureter).
Name 5 causes.
Vesicular dermatitis in pigs = 5 causes. FMD (porcine apthovirus). Vesicular exanthema of swine (calicivirus, also found in sea lions, carried by opaleye fish). Vesicular stomatitis (rhabdovirus), more often in horses. Swine vesicular disease (enterovirus). Seneca Valley virus (senecavirus) - new one.
You cannot tell vesicular diseases apart grossly, pigs get ALL FIVE of them. Match the disease to agent:
A. Foot and Mouth Disease 1. Aphthovirus (Picornaviridae)
B. Vesicular stomatitis 2. Indiana Vesiculovirus (Rhabdoviridae)
C. Vesicular Exanthema 3. Vesivirus (Caliciviridae) aka San Miguel Sea Lion Virus
D. Swine Vesicular Disease 4. Enterovirus B (Picornaviridae)
E. Seneca Disease 5. Seneca Valley virus (Picornaviridae)
These are all in order!
A. Foot and Mouth Disease 1. Aphthovirus (Picornaviridae)
B. Vesicular stomatitis 2. Indiana Vesiculovirus aka Vesicular stomatitis virus (old name) (Rhabdoviridae)
C. Vesicular Exanthema 3. Vesivirus Vesicular Exanthema [of swine] virus (Caliciviridae) aka San Miguel Sea Lion Virus
D. Swine Vesicular Disease 4. Enterovirus B (Picornaviridae)
E. Seneca Disease 5. Seneca Valley virus aka Seneca A (Picornaviridae)
Oral cavity of a pig, T2 and vomitoxin are produced by what agent?
Fusarium trichothecene myxotoxins
Tissues from a grower or feeder pig (post weaning), lesions are caused by?
A. Clostridium difficile
B. Shigatoxin producing E. coli
C. P Fimbriae producing E. coli
D. PCV-2
This is edema disease caused by B. shigatoxin/verotoxin producing E. coli
E. coli that produce P fimbriae is the virulence factor for uropathogenic E. coli in several species (especially dogs)
PCV-2 is porcine circovirus causes hemorrhages not edema
C. diff could cause the edema in the GI BUT only in neonate pigs, and would not cause the systemic edema
Tissue from a pig, cause?
A. Ostertagia ostertagi
B. Oslerus osleri
C. Syphacia sp.
D. Hyostrongylus rubidus
D. Hyostrongylus rubidus is the red stromach worm of pigs, also informally referred to as hairworms or threadworms
Oslerus osleri is the metastrongyle lungworm of dogs (brown granulomas raised on tracheal mucosa looks like doggie kibble!)
Ostertagia ostertagi is the stomach worm of CATTLE - similar to this disease in pigs (one differential for Moroccan leather stomach)
Syphacia muris is the pinworm of rats and mice
This disease causes a malabsorptive diarrhea from villus blunting/atrophy because of what?
A. alphacoronavirus infecting the villus tips
B. betacoronavirus infecting the villus crypts
C. Rotavirus infecting the villus crypts
A. alphacoronavirus infecting the VILLUS TIPS
Both PEDV porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and TGEV transmissible gastroenteritis virus in pigs are alphacoronaviruses
betacoronaviruses include mouse hepatitis virus, bovine respiratory coronavirus, bovine enteric coronavirus, and sialodacryadenitis virus in rats (good to know infectious bronchitis virus in chickens is a gammacoronavirus)
Also the key enteric viruses in pigs affect the villus TIPS including rotavirus (although rotavirus (white scours) will cause essentially same lesions as PEDV in young pigs)
Ileum of a pig, name the disease and give the cause
Porcine proliferative enteritis/enteropathy (aka regional necrotic ileitis, intestinal adenomatosis-misnomer but refers to hose-pipe gut) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
Can cause 3 syndromes in pigs, this one, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (huge clot in ileum, sudden death), or necrotic enteritis (thick yellow-brown fibrinonecrotic membrane on mucosa)
versus swine dystery caused by Brachyspira hyodystenteriae is LARGE bowel only
Name the most likely cause
- Salmonella choleraesuis*
- or Typhisuis*
- b*utton ulcers and sepsis (host adapted salmonella causes sepsis) - leads to peripheral thrombosis/cyanosis
if you saw just “volcano ulcers” in the colon in a neonate - think Clostridium difficile
Name a differential for this lesions that is NOT a bacterium
this is “hog cholera” (since it looks a lot like the lesions of Salmonella choleraesuis) classical swine fever caused by Porcine pestivirus!
The cause of acanthocephaliasis in pigs is?
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Morph and associated abnormality?
Inguinal hernia in female pigs is associated with arrested genital development and sterility
Most likely cause in a pig?
cerebellar hypoplasia (severe) is depicted, in any species think pestiviruses! (like BVD) or bunyaviruses
In pigs this is porcine pestivirus which is classical swine fever (aka hog cholera)
What is a characteristic (nearly pathognomonic) histological lesion seen in this disease?
Another gross lesion in the brain to look for with this disease?
This is cerebral edema and laminar necrosis caused by salt poisoning in pigs - histologically it will have edema, necrosis, and EOSINOPHILS
Cerebellar coning is also present due to brain swelling/edema and cerebellar herniation
