Nervous System Flashcards
Alzheimer Type II cells are found in hepatic encephalopathy and represent a reactive type of what kind of glial cell? Where are they normally located and what can be helpful in identifying them?
astrocyte; gray matter; they usually occur in pairs (cuddling cells) or clusters
Rosenthal fibers represent what?

GFAP aggregates of astrocyte processes and cell bodies. They are complexed with ubiquitin and heat shock proteins. Found in Alexander’s disease AKA axonal dystrophy, a genetic disease of astrocytes that occurs rarely in humans, dogs and sheep
Which mouse phenotype is considered the model for neural tube defects?
curly tail mouse
Cerebral aplasia results from:
failure of closure of the rostral portion of the neural tube, which allows the skin to not form and exposes rudimentary neural brain cells to the amniotic fluid leading to degeneration.
Meningocele is reported in Burmese cats as a result of treatment during pregnancy with:
griseofulvin, hydroxyurea, diphenylhydantoin
Feline panleukopenia virus, BVDV and border disease virus all cause cerebellar hypoplasia through the selective necrosis of what layer of the cerebellum?
external granular cell layer
Perosomus elumbus is:
agenesis of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal cord segments; occurs in calves and lambs
Myelodysplasia is best detected histologically by the presence of:
aberrant central canals (up to 6)
The classic teratogenic lesion of Akabane virus infection in calves is:
arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly
Examples of teratogenic Orthobunyaviruses are? Which one is endemic to North America?
Akabane virus, Schmallenberg virus, Cache Valley virus. Cache Valley virus is endemic to NA.
The teratogenic effects of BVD occur during what gestational age?
100-170 days
What is the most common teratogenic defect of BVD?
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Infection with BVD after 170 days of gestation is most likely to result in what?
no teratogenic/abortive effects, potential for growth retardation and atrophy of thymic and lymphoid tissues
Fetal death and abortion are most likely to occur in cases of Border Disease Virus infection in sheep during what gestational age?
Days 16-80
The fetal histologic lesion of Border Disease virus infection in sheep infected after 90 days of gestation is?
nodular periarteritis of small to medium arterioles, mostly within the meninges and CNS
An early infection fetal histologic lesion in Border Disease Virus is?
hypomyelinogenesis
Gross features of Border Disease virus infected lambs include:
long hairy birth coats and gross tremors (hairy shaker)
Cavitating cerebral defects and cerebellar dysplasia in Border Disease Virus infection arise from:
A. infection of oligodendroglia
B. infection of astroglia
C. vasculitis
D. infection of glial progenitor cells
C. BDV does not infect CNS cells themselves, and the cavitating lesions are most likely secondary to vasculitis
Growth arrest lines are a feature of in utero infection with what family of viruses?
pestiviruses, specifically BVD and BVDV
Mucosal disease in BVDV infection in cattle is the result of what two possible situations?
Infection of a previously infected calf by a different strain of BVDV (superinfection) or homologous virus mutation in animals that are persistently infected
Teratogenic effects of Border Disease Virus in goat are (more common/less common) than in sheep.
They don’t occur at all. Just fetal death/mummies/abortion.
Congenital tremors in piglets can be the result of in utero infection with what organism?
Classical Swine Fever
Inclusion bodies of Feline Panleukopenia virus are found in what cell type in the cerebellum?
external granular cell layer
GM1 Gangliosidosis is a deficiency of what enzyme? What category of lyosomal storage disease is is?
beta-galactosidase; sphingolipidoses





