Journal Articles Flashcards
Which diagnostic test will be most helpful to diagnose this lesion in brachycephalic dogs?
A) Oil red O
B) Chromogranin A IHC
C) CD31 IHC
D) Calponin
B) Chromogranin A IHC since this is a chemodectoma, caused by chronic hypoxia in brachycephalic dogs. Neuroendocrine marker
Oil red O is special stain for lipid as in lipoma
CD31 is marker for endothelial cells as in hemangiosarcoma, large breed dogs not specific to brachycephalic dogs
Calponin is marker for smooth muscle as in leiomyosarcoma much less common for this location
Vet path Image challenge 2020
Histo image shows proliferative lesion with large intracytoplasmic inclusions
Squirrel lung. Cause?
A. Yersinia pestis
B. Squirrel fibroma virus
C. Red squirrel parapoxvirus
D. Mycobacterium lepromatosis
A. Yersinia pestis
B. Squirrel fibroma virus
C. Red squirrel parapoxvirus
D. Mycobacterium lepromatosis
2020 May Vet Path image challenge, scroll down for answer after reading card prompt at top of screen for histo image
B
This disease in cattle is caused by what type of virus?
A)Iridovirus
B)Poxvirus
C)Calicivirus
D)Herpesvirus
B Poxvirus
This is lumpy skin disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus
gross lesions are multifocal targetoid cutaneous nodules, histo: intercellular and intracellular edema of epidermis, keratinocytes have intracytoplasmic inclusions rarely, dermis has histiocytic dermatitis and necrotizing fibrinoid vasculitis in deep dermal plexus
EM virion particles in histiocytes and fibroblasts of dermis, brick shaped enveloped intracellular
Vet Path COVER article May 2020, Vol 57, Issue 3, 2020
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs was associated with what bacterial populations?
A)Campylobacter
B)Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.
C)Helicobacter spp.
D)Lawsonia intracellularis
Bonus: What is this diagnostic technique displayed to highlight bacteria in the colonic mucosa?
B E coli and Shigella were increased! (think of it as similar to histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxers which is caused by E. coli)
Helicobacter was actually decreased in the crypts in disease and Akkermansia was decreased along the colon surface.
The technique is FISH
Veth Path COVER article March 2020, Vol 57, Issue 2, 2020
What are these inclusions within aged C57B/6J mice thalamic neurons?
A)Negri-bodies
B)Cowdry type A inclusions
C)Morgagnian globules
D)Hirano-like inclusions
D) Hirano-like inclusions
image is stained with PTAH, they appear blue! crystal like, unique from the other options. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic on H&E
Spontaneous Incidental Brain Lesions in C57BL/6J Mice
Jan 2020 COVER article Vet Path
Negri-bodies are common in the cerebellum in Rabies. Mice do not NATURALLY get rabies typically.
Cowdry type A inclusions occur in the nucleus, herpesviruses
Morgagnian globules are large eosinophilic EXTRAcellular accumulations in degenerate lens associated with diabetes mellitus
What feature of this non-ocular, haired skin neoplasm is associated with prognosis in cats?
A)PNL-2 expression
B)Melan-A expression
C)Mitotic count
D)Mitotic count and presence of intratumoral necrosis
D Mitotic count and intratumoral necrosis = HIGH grade for all non ocular locations not specified below
“four mitoses and necroses!”
Lips, nasal planum, oral and nasal mucosa HIGH grade is associated with mitotic count 4 or greater AND/OR intratumoral necrosis (easier to be bad if in the mouth!)
PNL-2, Melan-A and COX-2 were good markers for melanomas, but amount of melanin and expression of these markers was NOT significantly associated with prognosis
Vet Path COVER 2019, Vol 56, Issue 6, 2019
This disease is diagnosed in what breed?
A)Poodle
B)Akita
C)German Shepherd
D)German Pointer
Bonus: Name the disease (not yet reported in any other dogs)
C) German Shepherd
Beta-mannosidosis
caused by MANBA gene mutation
β-Mannosidosis in German Shepherd Dogs
Vol 56, Issue 5, 2019 COVER Vet Path
Tissue from a sheep. What is the most likely causative agent?
A.Clostridium Novyi type A
B.Clostridium Novyi type B
C.Clostridium Novyi type C
D.Clostridium chauvei
B) Clostridium noyvi type B causes infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in sheep
JVDI 2020 issue 2, review
Clostridium novyi type A has lots of alpha toxin
Clostridium novyi type B has alpha and beta toxin
Navarro, M, Uzal, FA. Infectious necrotic hepatitis. In: Uzal, FA , et al., eds. Clostridial Diseases of Animals. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2016:275–279. JKP??
Fill in the 4 blanks for Type
Tissue from a facial mass in a dog. Diagnosis?
●A. Liposarcoma
●B. Myxosarcoma
●C. Chondrosarcoma
●D. Leiomyosarcoma
B myxosarcoma
Myxosarcomas are neoplasms of fibroblast origin characterized by abundant myxoid matrix composed of mucopolysaccharides. These are rare tumors that usually affect middle-aged dogs and cats. Myxosarcomas are often found in the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk or limbs as soft, gray to white masses that exude a stringy clear mucoid fluid. They tend to be infiltrative and unencapsulated with ill-defined margins. Histologically, the tumor is composed of a proliferation of stellate- to spindle-shaped fibroblasts loosely arranged in an abundant myxoid matrix. The abundant myxoid matrix can be highlighted with Alcian blue (Image 4). Reference: Hendrick, MJ. Mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues. In: Meuten DJ, ed. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Ames, IA: John Wiley; 2017:151–152.
What histological feature distinguishes adenohypophyseal hyperplasia from pituitary adenoma?
A) intact reticulin
B) lost reticulin
C) gross size in mm
D) IHC positive for ACTH
A) intact reticulin, because hyperplasia retains its normal acini/cord architecture
adenoma has lost reticulin
macroadenomas are >5 mm, and microadenomas are <5 mm, hyperplasia can be bigger than microadenomas in some cases
both normal and neoplastic corticotrophs are PAS positive and ACTH positive on IHC. MSH IHC + can distinguish melanotroph pars intermedia adenoma
What features of canine mast cell tumors are prognostic?
A) NANOG expression on IHC
B) Mitotic count
C) KIT expression level
B) mitotic count
Prognostic factors for MCT are grade, mitotic count, Ki67, KIT pattern (localization)
NANOG expression was not prognostic, exon mutation is associated with response to treatment rather than proven to associated with prognosis
Vet Path 2018
KIT expression levels are not associated with KIT mutations (mutations are associated with prognosis via response to treatment)
Tropical keratopathy of cats (Florida spots) are histologically composed of?
A) Corneal edema
B) Corneal neovascularization
C) Inflammation and hyperpigmentation
D) Epithelial hyperplasia and stromal loss
D) epithelial hyperplasia and stromal loss in superficial cornea, collagen deposition. NOT fibrosis, inflammation, edema, or vessels.
Tropical keratopathy (Florida spots) in cats, 2018 vet path
2015, but classic derm disease
In dogs, this condition is most commonly associated with a mutation in:
A.PNPLA1
B.COL5A1
C.Ectodysplastin 1
D.Desmocollin 1
A. PNPLA1
Congenital Ichthyosis in 14 Great Dane Puppies With a New Presentation
August 2015 Veterinary Pathology 53(3)
COL5A1 is Ehlers-Danlos??
Ectodysplastin 1 A semidominant form of ectodermal dysplasia has been documented in congenitally hairless breeds (jkp 539, vol1)
Desmocollin-1 is major canine autoantigen in the epidermis of dogs for pemphigus foliaceous (foliaceous think follicle -folli colli -desmocollin1)
Fill in the blanks for toxins of each type (yes or no is sufficient!)
YAY
Mouse, kidney. Cause?
A. Encephalitozoon cuniculi
B. Plasmodium berghei
C. Toxoplasma gondii
D. Klossiella muris
D Klossiella muris
Klossiella muris is a sporadic apicomplexan protozoan pathogen of mice. In this case, the mouse was a pet. infections in laboratory mice are rare. Sporocysts are shed in the urine and thus transmitted to naive animals by ingestion. Ensuing hematogenous spread facilitates localization to the glomerular capillaries where schizogony occurs. The renal tubular epithelial cells are the site of gametogony and sporogony. Infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells can sometimes accompany infection, which is usually asymptomatic. Renal klossiellosis may also be seen in horses (Klossiella equi), guinea pigs (Klossiella cobayae), and other species.
Reference: Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits. 4th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley Blackwell; 2016:83.
Contributor: Katherine Hughes, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Dog, jejunum. Common clinicopathological finding?
A. Hypoproteinemia
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
Schistosomiasis in dogs is caused by Heterobilharzia americana, a trematode associated with gastrointestinal signs or asymptomatic infection. The disease occurs in the southeastern and Gulf coast regions of the United States. The life cycle involves freshwater snails. The cercariae released from the snails penetrate the canine skin, develop into adult parasites, and lay eggs that migrate to the mesenteric venules and are excreted in feces. Hypercalcemia is a common finding in dogs with schistosomiasis; it is believed to result from the granulomatous reaction to the eggs. Other common biochemical abnormalities include hyperglobulinemia, elevated liver enzymes, azotemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
Reference: Fabrick C, Bugbee A, Fosgate G. Clinical features and outcome of Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2010;24(1):140–144.
Contributor: Paula Giaretta, Texas A&M University
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), subcutis. Disease?
A. Costiasis
B. Trichodiniasis
C. Scuticociliatosis
D. Ich/white spot disease
C. Scuticociliatosis
reportable disease, but probably too exotic for boards!
Scuticociliatosis is a parasitic disease in fish, lobsters, and other aquatic species caused by parasites from the subclass Scuticociliatia. Uronema marinum and Philasterides dicentrachi (syn. Miamiensis avidus), Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, and Uronema nigricans have been reported to cause scuticociliatosis in marine fish. This disease can also be a major problem in culturing of flatfish/flounders and in saltwater aquaria. Scuticociliates are facultative, histophagous pathogens that can live free in the environment or parasitize fish by enzymatic breakdown and consumption of tissues. The infection can be localized, most commonly affecting skin or gills, or systemic, leading to meningoencephalitis and malacia. Fish with scuticociliatosis often have ulceration and hemorrhage in the skin, but increased mortality without gross lesions is also possible.
Reference: Rossteuscher S, Wenker C, Jermann T, et al. Severe scuticociliate (Philasterides dicentrarchi) infection in a population of sea dragons (Phycodurus eques and Phyllopteryx taeniolatus). Vet Pathol. 2008;45(4):546–550.
Contributor: Liv Østevik, Fish Vet Group Norge
Photo credit: Iselin B. Stock Evje
Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), lung. Disease?
A. Coccidiosis
B. Microfilariasis
C. Sarcocystosis
D. Schistosomiasis
C sarcocystosis
In birds, Sarcocystis tissue cysts are a common incidental finding in skeletal muscle and/or myocardium, but Sarcocystis can also cause fatal interstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, or visceral organ necrosis. Pulmonary sarcocystosis in psittacine species is often associated with Sarcocystis falcatula infection. Microscopic findings include pulmonary edema, histiocytic interstitial pneumonia (arrowheads), lymphocytic and plasmacytic perivascular cuffing (arrow), and schizonts containing merozoites in the vascular endothelium (see photo provided with question). These intraendothelial schizonts are sometimes elongate and mimic microfilariae. Disseminated systemic coccidiosis due to Eimeria spp. can cause granulomatous pneumonia in cranes. Systemic isosporosis (atoxoplasmosis) is a common disease of passerines. Schistosomiasis is caused by digenetic blood trematodes.
Reference: Villar D, Kramer M, Howard L, et al. Clinical presentation and pathology of sarcocystosis in psittaciform birds: 11 cases. Avian Dis. 2008;52(1):187–194.
Contributor: Nobuko Wakamatsu, Louisiana State University
What is the most common cause of mycotic rhinitis in horses in Florida (52 cases) based on histomorphology?
A) zygomycosis/pythiosis
B) phaeohyphomycosis (pigmented fungi)
C) Other non-pigmented fungi
A) zygomycosis or pithiosis, PCR identification was unrewarding on FFPE samples (1/32 cases 21% of fungal rhinitis cases overall), no oomycetes were identified on PCR but pythiosis was suspected based on histo in some cases
Mycotic Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Florida Horses
Sunil Nivrutti More, Oscar Hernandez, William L. Castleman
Veterinary Pathology, vol. 56, 4: pp. 586-598. , First Published December 17, 2018
What is the most common malignant neoplasm in aged horses?
A)Lymphoma
B)Melanoma
C)Squamous cell carcinoma
D)Melanotroph adenoma
C squamous cell carcinoma!
Lymphoma and melanoma are second and third. Melanotroph adenoma is the most common benign tumor cause of PPID (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction)
Miller MA, Moore GE, Bertin FR, Kritchevsky JE. What’s new in old horses? Postmortem diagnoses in mature and aged equids. Vet Pathol. 2016;53(2):390-398
What is endocrinopathic equine laminitis associated with?
A) hyperadrenocortism (high cortisol)
B) excess growth hormone
C) hyperprolactinemia
D) hyperinsulinemia
D hyperINSULINemia
this is typically seen in PPID (mild elevation or normal ACTH and cortisol but loss of seasonal/diurnal variation) or Equine metabolic syndrome (Karikoski, veth path, 2015)
PPID in horses is NOT Cushing’s-like, adrenal glands are not hyperplastic
in dogs hyperadrenocortism can be caused by corticotroph adenoma (chromophobe cells), bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia
somatotroph adenoma secrete GH - acidophil adenoma in cats acromegaly
hyperprolactinemia - Rare in domestic animals, Rats/mice pituitary adenoma secrete prolactin. associated with pseudopregnancy in bitches (no tumor), mammary tumor, hypothyroidism, Cosio, Vet Path 2017
What features typically differentiate Clostridium novyi type B (infectious hepatic necrosis) from Clostridium novyi type D (bacillary hemoglobinuria) infection in ruminants?
A. Hepatic necrosis
B. Production of beta toxin
C. Association with Fasciola hepatic infection/migration
D. Icterus and hemolysis
D. icterus and hemolysis are unique! to bacillary hemoglobinuria caused by C. novyi type D (aka C. haemolyticum)
Trichuris spp. in cats causes what lesion?
mild typhlitis
In Sarcocystis. spp. infected myofibers, myofibers express what 2 antigens?
MHC I and II
Necrotizing eosinophilic arteritis, thrombosis and intestinal infarction can be associated with migration of larvae from what spiruid nematode?
Spirocerca lupi
Potomac horse fever is caused by:
Neorickettsia risticii
Salmon poisoning disease is caused by:
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
Stallanchasmus falcatus is a Neorickettsial species associated with what histologic lesions in dogs?
Granulomatous and lymphoplasmacytic splenitis, lymphadentitis, enteritis and hepatitis with extensive necrosis.
Bovine oligodendroglial tumors have a strong propensity to grow in what region of the brain? What is a good IHC for this tumor in this species?
leptomeningeal space; Olig2
The histologic lesions of immersion foot syndrome in horses are:
severe perivascular dermatitis with vasculitis, thrombosis, ischemia
Tissue from a moose. Most likely etiology?
Cervidpoxvirus (Moosepox virus)
Tissue from a Linnaeus’s 2-toed sloth. Expected histologic findings?
This is canine distemper virus. hepatic necrosis, lymophoid depletion, bronchointerstitial pneumonia. No CNS lesions. Intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, occasional syncytia. American-4 strain is in eastern Tennessee wildlife.
Tissue from an opaleye. Etiology>
Icthyophonus sp., a mesomycetozoan. Has characteristic folded schizont walls.
Models of the human congenital malformation of a bicuspid aortic valve are in what 2 species?
hamsters and mice
What gene is responsible for epidermolysis bullosa simplex in Rhesus macaques?
KRT5 gene mutation
Neutrophils combat pathogens by what 3 mechanisms?
phagocytosis, degranulation and NETosis
Tissue from a roan antelope. Etiology and clinical findings?
Theileria spp,; regenerative anemia, icterus, mutlifocal hemorrhages, effusions, lung edema. Histo is intracellular schizonts, necrosis, hemorrhage, thromboembolism, edema, vasocentric hyperproliferation of leukocytes.
An expected histologic findings in lambs with Rift Valley Fever would be:
liquefactive hepatic necrosis; lymphocytolysis
Where is porcine astrovirus detectable during clinical disease?
only in the CNS
This lesion in a pig is most likely the result of:
chronic cholecystitis and gall stones with bacterial infection. IHC for CD10 in a brush border cell type and mucin in goblet cells was increased indicating intestinal metaplasia.
Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees has tissue tropism for what cell type?
ventricular epitheliial cells.
Tissue from a loggerhead sea turtle. Most likely etiology on culture?
Fusarium spp. Can’t use Calcofluor/potassium hydroxide to diagnose. Need cutlure and histopath.
Tissue from a frog. Morph?
Odontomas. Teeth in frogs are only in the upper arcade and lack both cementum and a periodonal ligament, attaching directly to the underlying bone.
Megaesophagus in rats is associated with a mutation in what gene?
RBM20 (RNA binding motif 20). This gene causes cardiomyopathy in humans.
T cell lymphoma in NSG mice may be associated with what?
a viral infection
Hirano-like inclusions in the thalamic neurons, neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla, PAS-postiive granular deposits in the neuropil of the hippocampus and progressive neuroinflammation with microgliosis and astrogliosis are background findings in what strain of mouse?
C57BL/6J
The most common intestinal neoplasm of horses is ________.
lymphoma.
Tissue from a cow. 2 differentials.
Lympy skin disease caused by LSDV (poxvirus) or Pseudolumpy skin disease caused by Bovine Herpesvirus-2.
The most common tumor of the equine stomach is
SCC
Which can be associated with
What virus can cause both genital SCC’s and gastric SCC’s in horses?
Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)
Tissue from a Steiner’s Beaked Whale. The eosinophilic material is:
AA amyloid
Physeal osteochondrosis in pigs from vascular failure arises from?
retention of viable hypertrophic chondrocytes into the metaphysis, eosinophilic streaks representing necrotic vessel branches. NO ISCHEMIC NECROSIS
Beta-mannosidosis in German Shepherd Dogs is characterized by vacuolated neurons as well as vacuolation in what 2 other cell types? Are the storage granules PAS positive or negative? What is the defect in GSD’s? What other species are known for beta-mannosidosis?
renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages in spleen/liver; PAS negative.; MANBA; humans, Nubian goats, Saler cattle
Fetal and maternal lesions of abortion from EHV-1 in horses include:
fetal edema, hemorrhage, splenomegaly, inclusions; uterine vasculitis
What determined neuropathogenicity in EHV-1 substrains? What aids viral entry? What is different in the pathogenesis of EHV-1 and EHV-4?
SNP in viral polymerase gene D7542; Glycoprotein D binds MHC 1 for entry; No viremia with EHV4 - different glycoprotein D
Mycoplasma bovis is associated with what cardiac lesion in cattle?
endocarditis of the left atrium
Tissue from a toad. Etiology?
Chlamydia pneumoniae; lesion is necrotizing and histiocytic polioencephalomyelitis and ganglionitis.
This condition of aged inbred mice is found in what organs?
testes only; this is hyaline arteriosclerosis; no other clinical or histo findings.
Tissue from a horse. Diagnosis?
cystic corpora nigra, AKA iris cyst
What is a coloboma? What breed of dog is predisposed?
Focal congenital scleral defect. Part of collie eye anomaly. CEA has these features: coloboma (adjacent to the optic nerve usually and filled with dysplastic neuroparenchyma), staphyloma (scleral defect lined by uvea), choroidal or tapetal hypoplasia, retinal nonattachement, intraocular hemorrhage. CEA caused by a mutation in NHEJ1 gene.
What does equine recurrent uveitis in horses cause? What are two associated causes? What is the most common breed to develop ERU?
cataracts and blindness; Leptospira interrogans (maybe) and autoimmunity
Appaloosa
Where is amyloid-like material deposited in equine recurrent uvieits?
ciliary body epithelium
What ocular congenital defect is common in male white-tailed deer fawns?
microphthalmic or anopthlamic; usually bilateral. Also common are congenital cataracts, colobomas.
What is the defective gene in Main and Ragdoll cats that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
MYBPC3 gene
What are the histologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats?
cardiomyocte disarray, interstitial fibrosis, leukocyte infiltation and vascular dysplasia
What is HCM the result of?
A diffuse expansion of the interstitium by vessels, macrophages and collagen. NOT A TRUE MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY.
What is a marker used to identify macrophage mirphology in HCM in cats?
IBA-1
Oral SCC in smooth green snakes is assocated with what virus?
Opheodrys herpesvirus 1, an alphaherpesvirus
Sox9 and survivin are markers for what lineage in prostatic carcinoma? What can they be used for as a differential tool?
stem cell-like lineage (normal basal prostatic epithelium). Differentiate prostatic carcinoma from BPH
Tissue from a dog. Morph and which cell marker indicates propensity for intravascular accumulation? What is their lineage>
Intravascular lymphoma and CD44. T cell lineage.
Parosteal refers to the fibrous/osteogenic layer of the periosteum.
fibrous
What tumor marker was associated with poor differentiation and short survival period in feline mammary carcinoma?
sf-RON, a tyrosine kiase receptor. Overexpressed in human breast cancer.
What is a common differential for horses with signs of meningitis that have common varible immunodeficiency?
Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis).
Common variable immunodeficiency in horses is related to a mutation in what gene?
PAX5; results in hypogloulinemia since PAX5 is active in B cell specific activator proteins, essential for B cell lineage commitment and development into plasma cells. Causes increased susceptibility to bacterial and parasitic infections.
What is considered a prognostic factor for canine melanocytic tumors?
tumor thickness greater than 0.95 cm (death) or 0.75 cm (recurrence/mets).
The formation of what is common in vertebral malformations in Senegalese sole?
cartilaginous metaplasia, can sometimes invade the intervertebral space.
Signs of arsenic toxicity in ruminants include what?
rumenal;/abomasal ulcers, petechia and hemorhage of cecum and small intestine, pale livers, renal infarcts, pustules. NO inclusions. Arsenic has a high palatability.
What is the most common finding in dogs with Leishmania infantum infection?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Histo lesions and parasite load are not a good predictor of serum markers and clinical signs of renal failure.
Can immunocytochemistry of the mesenteric lymph node alone confirm a diagnosis of FIP>
no
What is the name of the disease?
Caroli disease.
Multiple large intrahepatic biliary cysts, which are continuous with the biliary tree, and is due to defects in the ductal plates forming large intrahepatic bile ducts
Tissue from a horse ganglion. Left is normal. Name the disease from the picture on the right.
Dysautonomia.
. Fig. 2. Equine dysautonomia, cranial cervical ganglion, histological section, horse. Most of the neurons are markedly chromatolytic: they are swollen, gray to hypereosinophilic, lack Nissl substance and show nuclear pyknosis. Rare normal neurons are present. HE.
African swine fever (ASF) virus infects monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells. The macroscopic lesion pattern mirrors the vascular damage. The lesions are due to vascular leakage of protein-rich fluid or frank diapedesis of erythrocytes illustrated by the gallbladder edema and hemorrhage in this case (Figure 1). These lesions are nonspecific; other notifiable pig diseases such as classical swine fever (hog cholera) should thus be considered as differential diagnoses, along with septicemia and idiopathic coagulation disorders. The recent cases of ASF in Europe and China, and of classical swine fever in eastern Asia, highlight the need for awareness of the gross lesions of these diseases.
Image 2. Rhesus macaque. Cause?
Ebola virus
Machupo virus
Yellow fever virus
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus
This rhesus macaque was experimentally infected with Ebola virus, a zoonotic filovirus. Typical microscopic findings include hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, fibrin deposition, hemorrhage, and variably sized, round-to-pleomorphic, eosinophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of aggregates of viral nucleocapsids. Machupo and Simian hemorrhagic fever viruses do not produce viral inclusions that are visible with routine staining. Although viral inclusions can occur with yellow fever (ie, Councilman bodies), this virus is asymptomatic in Old World monkeys, and extensive mortality is only observed in New World monkeys.
Image 3. Bovine (brain smear). Cause?
Babesia bovis
Theileria orientalis
Streptococcus bovis
Ehrlichia ruminantium
A. Ehrlichia ruminantium
Ehrlichia ruminantium is a vector-transmitted, obligate intracellular, rickettsial organism, listed by the World Organization of Animal Health as a notifiable disease. E. ruminantium infection is primarily reported in Africa and some Caribbean islands. The disease is known as heartwater (cowdriosis) due to the typical lesions of hydropericardium, hydrothorax, and pulmonary edema. All ruminants (domestic and wild) can be affected. Disease incidence is dependent on the distribution of the tick vector (Amblyomma). Postmortem diagnosis can be made through examination of brain smears where typical organisms are in the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells.
Image 4. Fat-tailed sheep from Jordan with stomatitis and typhlitis. Disease name?
Jaagsiekte
Sheep pox
Maedi-visna
Peste des petits ruminants
D. Peste des petits ruminants
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus, a morbillivirus, has tropism for gastrointestinal epithelium and lung. As terminal bronchioles are the main target in lung, it is a bronchointerstitial pneumonia. With acute inflammation, there is expansion, with edema, creating raised areas. As bronchiolar lumens become occluded, there is collapse of the supplied parenchyma, leading to depressed foci. Originally confined to Africa, PPR has now spread to Europe and much of Asia. Sheep and goats form the cornerstone of the microeconomy in many rural areas of the developing world, and so this disease is now robbing millions of their livelihood and nutrition.
Histo features of lead toxicity in waterfowl?
edema and degenerative changes in the brain and perpheral nerves, widespread hemosiderosis of internal organs, acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal tubules, necrosis of gizzard muscles
Zellballen nests are associated with what tumors?
Pheochromocytomas. zellballen nest - a cluster of cells enveloped by thin fibrovascular stroma
Tissue from a chicken. Diagnosis?
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. functional abnormalities in alveolar macrophages lead to accumulation of surfactant within alveoli. periodic acid–Schiff stain and diastase resistant.
incidental finding or, when severe, may be a contributing factor to death through respiratory failure. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) = major regulator of surfactant homeostasis; stimulates surfactant catabolism, terminal differentiation of alveolar macs, & mediation of immune functions of alveolar macs
What histo feature is considered pathognomonic for ovine enterotoxemia?
Cerebral microangiopathy (perivascular & intramural leakage of proteinaceous, eosinophilic fluid in certain areas of the brain). pulmonary congestion and edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and ascites are associated lesions.
Infection with what organism may be an associated factor in the development of proventricular adenocarcinonma in budgies?
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
Tissue from a moose. Etiology?
Fascioloides magna. Eggs with pigmented walls as well as black pigment are present in an area of necrosis and hemorrhage.
Chicken anemia virus has tropism for what cell type and causes what histo lesions?
CD3+ T cells, uses viral protein VP3 (aka apoptin) to induce thymocyte and hematopoetic apoptosis which is mediated by capsase-3; causes thymic cortical lymphoid depletion and bone marrow pancytopenia as well as PODODERMATITIS.
Tissue from a puppy. Risk factor?
lack of colostrum. This is Bordetella.
Chlamydia pecorum in koalas might be in a reservoir in this system.
Male reproductive tract, specifically the prostatic urethra.
What marker predicts metastasis in canine melanoma?
FOXP3
What psittacine species has a higher rate of hepatic lipidosis and pancreatic necrosis than other parrots?
Quaker parrots. Same rate of atherosclerosis
What variant of scrapie occurs spontaneously in older sheep and goats?
In classical scrapie, expression of arginine at codon 171 of the prion protein is associated with what?
Nor-98 (atypical scrapie); resistance in rams to the classical agent
In feline MCTs, what criteria were associated with a higher grade tumor?
> 5 MF’s/10 fields at at least two of the following criteria: tumor diameter > 1.5 cm, irregular nuclear shape, nucleolar prominence/chromatin clusters.
Canine intestinal large cell lymphoma in dogs may be the result of transformation from what type of lymphoma?
small cell lymphoma.
In an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Africa in 2010, what was the most common necropsy finding? What is the minimum set of tissues to submit for RVF diagnostics? What is a histologic feature of RVF in the liver?
multifocal and random necrotizing hepatitis. Also found renal tubular necrosis. liver, spleen, kidney; Councilman bodies (apoptotic bodies)
Idiopathic necrotizing and systemic vasculitis in sheep has been assosciated with infection with which virus?
Ovine Herpesvirus-2
(causative agent of MCF, formerly thought to not cause disease in sheep since it is host-adapted)
Treponeme associated hoof disease of free-ranging elk have what gross lesions?
hoof overgrowth, sole ulcers and sloughed hoof capsules.
This lesion in a tadpole is associated with infection with what organism?
Perkinsea protozoa, Abdominal distention, cutaneou erythema, petechia, SQ edema, white skin discoloration, hepato- and splenomegaly, renomegaly, ascites,
This tissue from a northern elephant seal is characterized by what histologic change?
mutlifocal polyphasic severe acute necrotizing myopathy with mineralization. Skeletal and smooth muscle affected. called multifocal necrotizing myopathy, no cause known.
Tissue from a domestic rabbit. Morph? What is lacking in this lesion that is present in the adjacent tissue? What is a cause of this lesion? What are sequelae of this lesion?
pseudodiverticula. The tunica muscularis is lacking. Smooth muscle hypertrophy of the adjacent tissue’s tunica muscularis in the small intestine of rabbits. necrosis of inflammation of the pseudodiverticula with perforation and peritonitis.
Bovine lymphoma is the result of infection with what? What cell type is it usually? What mechanism accounts for lymphoma development?
bovine leukemia virus, a deltaretrovirus; B cell; p53 suppression
Eosinophilic granules in large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in the intestine contain what?
granzyme B
What factors correlate with prognosis in canine MCT?
grade, mitotic count, Ki67, KIT pattern; not NANOG
Tropical keratopathy (florida spots) in cats have this histologic feature
epithelial hyperplasia with thinning of the cornea from loss of corneal stroma and collagen accumulation
Adenohypophyseal hyperplasia in canine pituitary glands can be distinguished from microadenoma or macroadenoma by the loss of what?
reticulin
Grayanotoxin I toxicity in pigs is associated with what gross and histo lesions? What is the toxin found in?
none; tachypnea/tachycardia/hypersal/tremor/ataxia; pieris japonica, contaminated honey, rhododendrons
Coexpression of what two antigens associated with EMT was positively correlated with higher tumor grade in canine mammary tumors? What factors regulate EMT in tumors?
E-cadherin/vimentin; SNAIL/SLUG
What are markers for oligodendrocyte precursor cells?
Nestin, Olig2, SOX10, PDGF-alpha, NG2.
Name the disease
Ichthyosis in Great Dane puppies
Generally the gross findings are thickened wrinkled skin and scaling, histologically the scales are hyperkeratosis - there is no inflammation
Occurs in Goldens, American Bulldogs, Norfolk Terriers, Labs
