Physiology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ascending phase, influx of sodium

A

Depolarization

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2
Q

Descending phase, efflux of potassium

A

Repolarization

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3
Q

-90 mV

A

resting state (membrane polarized)

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4
Q

permeable to sodium ions

what stage

A

depolarization stage

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5
Q

Rapid diffusion of potassium to the exterior

A

Repolarization stage

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6
Q

Two gates of voltage gated sodium channel

A

activation and inactivation gates

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7
Q

T/F: Inactivation gate will not re-open until membrane potential is at or nearly at “resting membrane potential” level.

A

True

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8
Q

Term for most synapses (axon to dendrite)

A

axodendritic

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9
Q

Tunnels which connect cytosol of two cells for synaptic transmission

A

Gap junctions (connexons)

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10
Q

Do chemical synapses touch?

A

no, very close though

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11
Q

What is myelin made of?

A

fat

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12
Q

What are the 3 excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Norepinephrine,
Glutamate,
Nitric Oxide

(eNGiNes excite me)

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13
Q

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Glycine, GABA, Serotonin, AcH, Dopamine

GG SAD

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14
Q

What do MS, PLS, and ALS all have in common?

A

Demyelinating diseases

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15
Q

Which has more presynaptic bulbs, spatial or temporal summation?

A

spatial (takes up more space)

temporal summation only has 1

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16
Q

pupil constriction

17
Q

areas of greatest number of pain nociceptors

A

tip of tongue, lips, genitals, finger tips

18
Q

encapsulated mechanoreceptors assessing pressure

A

end bulbs of KRAUSE

19
Q

encapsulated mechanoreceptor,
multi-branched,
perception of temp and pressure

A

corpuscles of RUFFINI

20
Q
Iggo Dome Receptors,
not encapsulated,
anterior spinothalamic tract,
hair follicles,
general touch
A

Merkel’s discs

21
Q

encapsulated fine touch receptors on non-hairy skin

A

meissner’s

22
Q

phasic receptor
quick adaptor
pressure, vibration
encapsulated

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

23
Q

Receptors that are not encapsulated

A

Merkel’s discs

24
Q

Proprioception receptors

A

muscle spindels, Golgi Tendon Organs, and Golgi Tendon Reflex

25
Prevents excessive tension in a muscle
Golgi Tendon Reflex
26
Which has cholinergic receptors, sympathetic or parasym?
parasym (sym has adrenergic)
27
Absolute refractory
no action potential possible
28
Relative refractory
action potential available with increase potential
29
many synapses in a single cell
spatial summation
30
rapid succession of action potential, few synapses
temporal summation
31
these cells normally release glycine, preventing excessive muscular contraction but their respective glycine receptors are blocked during strychnine poisoning.
Renshaw cells
32
What is the stimulus for opening sodium channels suring an action potential?
depol
33
What is the threshold for stimulus (membrane potential starts at -90mV)?
-65mV