Chemistry Part 5 Flashcards
most important enzyme of glycolysis
PFK (Phosphofructokinase)
phosphorylation of glucose consumes 1 ATP and yields…
glucose 6-phosphate
transfer of a phosphate group during glycolysis leads to synthesis of….
1 ATP
In the final step of glycolysis, pyruvate is reduced to…
lactate
location of glycolysis
cytosol
Glycolysis is stimulated by….
insulin** and AMP
T/F: Insulin stimulates gluconeogenesis
False; inhibits
What stimulates glycogenesis?
insulin
What inhibits glycogenolysis?
insulin
What stimulates lipogenesis?
insulin** and ATP
What inhibits lipolysis?
insulin and FAs
what stimulates cholesterol synthesis?
NADPH
What is the opposite of insulin (as far as test question choices for boards)?
epinephrine/glucagon
Wheat and rice are missing….
lysine
Corn is missing….
lysine and tryptophan
Legumes are missing….
methionine
Enantiomers
mirror image
ends in “cholic acid” or “cholate”
bile salts
Too much uric acid
gout
catabolic
generates energy
anabolic
needs energy
enzyme + cofactor
holoenzyme
apoenzyme
enzyme without cofactor
substrates _____ a reaction;
products ______ a reaction
stimulate;
inhibit
transfers a phosphate
kinase
moves hydrogen
oxidoreductase
NAD _____molecules;
NADH ____ molecules
breaks;
builds
tyrosine forms
epinephrine
Islets of Langerhans
where insulin comes from (made by beta cells)
stimulates glycogenolysis but not glycolysis
glucagon
derivative of steroid hormones
cholesterol
Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and Gonadocorticoids
steroid hormones (Sweet, Salty, Sex)
Rate limiting step of kreb's cycle? of HMP shunt? FA synthesis? Beta oxidation? Urea cycle?
isocitrate DH Glucose 6-DH Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Carnitine acyltransferase 1 Carbomyl phosphate synthetase 1
