Chemistry Part 1

Question 1

of carbons on a glucose molecule

Answer 1

6

Question 2

kcal/g of carbs

Answer 2

4

Question 3

% of calories recommended from carbs

Answer 3

50-55%

Question 4

multiple hydroxyl groups

Answer 4

ketone

Question 5

increasing positive charges or decreasing neg charges

Answer 5

oxidation

Question 6

addition of hydrogen, gain of electrons

Answer 6

reduction
OIL RIG (oxidation is losing, reduction is gaining)

Question 7

sugar alcohol from glucose converted to fructose

Answer 7

sorbitol

Question 8

aka citric acid cycle

Answer 8

kreb’s aka tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)

Question 9

carb oxidation

Answer 9

kreb’s

Question 10

lowers blood glucose

Answer 10

insulin (box of donuts)

Question 11

catabolic pathways (Big 4)

Answer 11

glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation, kreb’s

GOP POK

Question 12

When are the big 4 accelerated?

Answer 12

when ATP is low

Question 13

5 carbon (pentose) sugar

Answer 13

Ribose

Question 14

glucose and glucose

Answer 14

maltose

Question 15

glucose and lactose

Answer 15

galactose

Question 16

glucose and fructose

Answer 16

sucrose

Question 17

indigestible polysaccharide from plants

Answer 17

cellulose

Question 18

animal starch

Answer 18

glycogen

Question 19

less frequent, longer branches than glycogen

Answer 19

amylopectin

Question 20

highly branched carb

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

only noncarb type of dietary fiber

Answer 21

lignin (woody part of plants)

Question 22

carbs digested in stomach

Answer 22

none, only mouth and SI

Question 23

carb digestion in GI tract

Answer 23

maltose in mouth, everything else in SI

Question 24

lipids kcal/g

Answer 24

9

Question 25

bonds between glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 25

ester bonds

Question 26

solid at room temp

Answer 26

saturated fatty acids

Question 27

one carbon-carbon bond

Answer 27

monounsaturated fatty acid (polyunsaturated FAs have more than one)

Question 28

Essential Fatty acids

Answer 28

Linoleic, Linolenic, and Arachidonic (ARA only when Lonolenic is absent)

Question 29

3 FAs and glycerol

Answer 29

Triglycerides

Question 30

2 FAs, glycerol and phosphate derivative

Answer 30

Phospholoipids (cell membranes)

Question 31

used to make cell membranes, bile salts, and steroid hormones

Answer 31

cholesterol (sterol group)

Question 32

Precursor molecules to cholesterol

Answer 32

MASH (Mevalonate, Acetyl CoA, Squalene, and HMG CoA)

Question 33

Which is omega-3, Linoleic or Linolenic?

Answer 33

linolenic
(linoleic is omega-6)
linoleic has fewer letters and less to offer than omega-3 FA linolenic which has more letters)