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GRE PSYCHOLOGY > Physiological Psychology: Anatomy of the Brain > Flashcards

Physiological Psychology: Anatomy of the Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic Subdivisions of the Brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
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2
Q

Hindbrain

A

Where the spinal cord meets the brain. Its primary functions include balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion and general arousal processes. It manages the vital functions necessary for survival.

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3
Q

Midbrain

A

Located just above the Hindbrain. Also known as Mesencephalon. It manages the sensorimotor reflexes that also promote survival.

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4
Q

Forebrain

A

Located above the Midbrain. It manages complex perceptual, cognitive and behavioral processes. It is associated with emotion and memory.

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5
Q

Brainstem

A

The primary form evolutionary developed that encompasses the hindbrain and midbrain. It is known as the most primitive region of the brain.

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6
Q

Limbic System

A

A group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory.

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7
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres. It is associated with everything else. (language processing, problem solving and long-term planning)

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8
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary development of an organism.

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9
Q

Parts of the Hindbrain

A
  1. Medulla Oblongata
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Reticular Formation
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10
Q

Cerebullum

A

At the top of the hindbrain, it maintains posture, balance and coordinates bodily movements.

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11
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

The lower brain structure that is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure.

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12
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Connects the hindbrain to the midbrain. It regulates arousal, alertness and attention.

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13
Q

Parts of the Midbrain

A
  1. Superior Colliculus

2. Inferior Colliculus

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14
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Manages visual sensory input

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15
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

Manages auditory sensory input

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16
Q

Parts of the Forebrain

A
  1. Cerebral Cortex
  2. Basal Ganglia
  3. Limbic System
  4. Thalamus
  5. Hypothalamus
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17
Q

Thalamus

A

It receives input information and transmits them accordingly. (Post Office)

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18
Q

Divisions of the Hypothalamus

A
  1. Lateral Hypothalamus
  2. Ventromedial Hypothalamus
  3. Anterior Hypothalamus
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19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Manages emotional experiences during high arousal states, aggressive behavior and sexual behavior. It also manages hormone levels. Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting and Sexual Functioning.

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20
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

It manages food and fluids.

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21
Q

Aphagia

A

The disorder in which the Lateral Hypothalamus is destroyed and the body doesn’t know when it is supposed to eat.

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22
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

It controls when a body is full.

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23
Q

Hyperphagia

A

The disorder where an individual excessively eats

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24
Q

Relationship between Cortex and Hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus determines the “flight or fight” response and the cortex manages the “flight or fight” response.

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25
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus

A

It manages sexual activity

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26
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Coordinates the muscle movements by receiving information from the cortext and sending it through the extrapyramidal motor system to the spinal cord.

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27
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor System

A

Gathers information regarding the body’s movements and makes our movements smooth.

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28
Q

Chronic Disease associated with Basal Ganglia.

A
  1. Parkinson’s Disease

2. Schizophrenia

29
Q

Ventricles

A

Fluid-filled cavities in the middle of the brain that link up with the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord.

30
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

The fluid that fills the ventricles and the spinal cord.

31
Q

Limbic System

A

A group of interconnected structures around the central portion of the brain. It is associated with emotion and memory.

32
Q

Parts of the Limbic System

A
  1. Septal Nuclei
  2. Amygdala
  3. Hippocampus
33
Q

Septal Nuclei

A

One of the pleasure centers and aggression management centers in the brain.

34
Q

James Olds & Peter Milner

A

Conducted a study where rats could stimulate their septal nuclei at will.

35
Q

Septal Rage

A

When the septal nuclei is damaged and aggressive behaviors are “unchecked.”

36
Q

Amygdala

A

Manages defensive and aggressive behaviors

37
Q

Heinrick Kluver & Paul Bucy

A

Conducted a study regarding the amygdala and defensive and aggressive behaviors in monkeys.

38
Q

Kluver - Bucy Syndrome

A

Changes in animals that resulted in bilateral removal of the amygdala

39
Q

Hippocampus

A

Manages learning and memory

40
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

A disorder where an individual is not able to establish new long-term memories and memory is intact

41
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

A disorder where an individual suffers from memory loss after a brain injury.

42
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The outer surface of the brain.

43
Q

Neocortex

A

“New” “Bark” aka Cerebral Cortex

44
Q

Convolution

A

The numerous bumps and folds on the cerebral cortex

45
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

A

The 2 halves of the cerebral cortex

46
Q

4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Occipital Lobe
  4. Temporal Lobe
    F- POT
47
Q

Regions of the Frontal Lobe

A

Prefrontal Lobe
Motor Cortex
Broca’s Area

48
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Supervises cognitive and behavioral processes

49
Q

Association Areas

A

An area which combines input from different brain regions

50
Q

Projection Areas

A

An area that receives incoming sensory information and sends out motor-impulse commands.

51
Q

Examples of Projection Areas

A

Visual Cortex

Motor Cortex

52
Q

Prefrontal Lobotomies

A

A medical procedure to treat schizophrenia where a scalpel was inserted through a hole in the skull and would disconnect the frontal lobe from the limbic system and hypothalamus. (separating mood and emotion from exectutive functioning) Never used again.

53
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Initiates motor movements by sending neural impulses down the spinal cord and towards the muscle.

54
Q

Broca’s Area

A

A small region that is located in an individual’s “dominant” hemisphere and managing speech production.

55
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Supervises touch, temperature and pain.

56
Q

Regions of the Parietal Lobe

A

Somatosensory Cortex

Central Region of Parietal Lobe

57
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

A projection area that receives information regarding touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

58
Q

Central Region of the Parietal Lobe

A

Manages spatial processing and spatial manipulation

59
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Supervises vision

60
Q

Striate Cortex

A

Aka visual cortex.

61
Q

David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel

A

Conducted research regarding the visual cortex

62
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Supervises hearing

63
Q

Regions of the Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory Cortex

Wernike’s Area

64
Q

Wernike’s Area

A

Associated with language reception and comprehension.

65
Q

Contralaterally

A

The left side of your brain moves your right side of your body and vice versa

66
Q

Ipsilaterally

A

The left of your brain moves the left side of your body and vice versa

67
Q

Dominant versus Nondominant Hemispheres

A

The dominate hemisphere is responsible for detail-oriented tasks and executive functions associated with detailed activities. (usually the left hemisphere) The nondominant hemisphere is associated with intuition and creativity.

68
Q

Roger Sperry & Micheal Gazzaniga

A

Conducted a study in regards to severing the corpus callusum

69
Q

Corpus Callusum

A

A large collection of fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres.

GRE PSYCHOLOGY (55 decks)

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