Developmental Psychology: Heredity

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

Initiated the study on genetics by studying pea plants

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Basic unit of heredity

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

An alternative form of gene

Question 4

Dominant Allele

Answer 4

The specific trait that is more influential

Question 5

Recessive Allele

Answer 5

The specific trait that is less influential

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The total genetic make-up of a person

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

A total collection of expresses traits that constitutes the individual’s observable characteristics

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Strands of DNA

Question 9

Humans have 46 chromosomes

Answer 9

They are organized in 23 homologous (22 pairs are autosomes + 23rd determines sex)

Question 10

Somatic Cells in the human body are diploid

Answer 10

Chromosomes always come in pairs

Question 11

Gametes

Answer 11

The sperm and egg cell which are haploid (they contain 23 single chromosomes)

Question 12

RC Tyron

Answer 12

Studied inheritance of maze-running ability in laboratory rats by using selective breeding in similar traits but found similar performance in unfamiliar mazes

Question 13

Family Studies

Answer 13

A research method studying similarity in a given characteristic in family members versus unrelated individuals.

Question 14

Twin Studies

Answer 14

A research method studying monozygotic and dizygotic twins to distinguish the effect of shared environment and genetics. * Researchers have challenged whether either sets of twins truly experience their environment to the same degree.

Question 15

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 15

A set of twins who are genetically identical and share 100% of their genes

Question 16

Dizygotic Twins

Answer 16

A set of twins who share approximately 50% of their genes

Question 17

Adoption Studies

Answer 17

A research method studying environmental influences and genetic influences on behavior.

Question 18

Lewis Turman

Answer 18

Conducted a longitudinal study on “gifted” children.

Question 19

Down’s Syndrome

Answer 19

A genetic anomaly where an individual has an extra 21st chromosomes. They have varying levels of intellectual disability.

Question 20

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 20

A genetic disorder where the nervous system degenerates. They struggle to digest an amino acid found in milk and thus require a strict diet.

Question 21

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 21

A sex chromosome abnormality where a male possesses an extra X chromosome. They are sterile and struggle with intellectual disability.

Question 22

Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 22

A sex chromosome abnormality where a female posses only one X chromosome. They don’t develop their secondary sex characteristics.