Personality & Abnormal Psychology: Trait/ Type Theorists

Question 1

Type Theorist

Answer 1

Characterize people according to specific types of personality

Question 2

Trait Theorist

Answer 2

Ascertain the fundamental dimensions of personality.

Question 3

Type A Personality

Answer 3

Characterized by behavior that tends to be competitive and compulsive

Question 4

Type B Personality

Answer 4

Characterized by generally relaxed and laid-back presentation

Question 5

Raymond Cattell

Answer 5

A trait theorist who used factor analysis to measure personality. the identified 16 bask traits that constitute as building blocks of personality

Question 6

Hans Eysenck

Answer 6

A type theorist who used factor analysis to determine that the broad dimensions of personality, were types, which were followed by more specific traits.

Question 7

Psychoticism

Answer 7

Hans Eysenck distinguished different personality dimensions. Introversion-Extroversion & Emotional Stability-Neuroticism & Psychoticism

Question 8

Gordon Allport

Answer 8

A trait theorist who identified 3 basic traits (Cardinal, Central, Secondary)

Question 9

Cardinal Traits

Answer 9

A trait by which a person organizes their life. Not everyone has a cardinal trait.

Question 10

Central Trait

Answer 10

The major characteristics that are easy to infer, such as honesty and fatalism

Question 11

Secondary Trait

Answer 11

More personal characteristics that are more limited in occurrences.

Question 12

Functional Autonomy

Answer 12

J given activity or form of behavior may become an end or goal in itself, regardless of its original existence. EI. Hunter hunts for food. Hinter hints for enjoyment.

Question 13

Idiographic Approach

Answer 13

Focused on individual case studies.

Question 14

Nomothetic Approach

Answer 14

Focused on a group of individuals and tries to find the commonalities between them.

Question 15

David McClelland

Answer 15

A trait theorist who identified the trait the need for achievement.

Question 16

Need for Achievement

Answer 16

A personality trait where individuals take pride in the r achievements and avoid high risk.

Question 17

Herman Witkin

Answer 17

A trait theorist who created field of dependence.

Question 18

Field of Dependence

Answer 18

A scale to measure relationship between an individual’s personality and their perception of the world. Feld independence is when an individual has specific responses to specific stimuli. Field Dependence is when an individual’s response is related to the mass pereieved stimuli.

Question 19

Julian Rotter

Answer 19

A trait theorist who created internal and external locus of control

Question 20

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 20

Individuals who tend to believe they can control their own destiny.

Question 21

External Locus of Control

Answer 21

Individuals who tend to believe that outside events and chance control their destiny

Question 22

Locos of Control and Self-Esteem

Answer 22

Individuals with internal boas of control tend to have higher self esteem.

Question 23

Failure and Self-Esteem

Answer 23

People with high self-esteem be here that failure is because of bad luck or task difficulty (external locus of control)

Question 24

Machiavellianism

Answer 24

A personality trait that describes people who are manipulative and deceitful

Question 25

Sandra Bem

Answer 25

A gender theorist who created Androgyny. She believed that because people can be very masculine or feminine; gender identity must be related to personality

Question 26

Androgyny

Answer 26

the state of which an individual is both very masculine and very feminine.

Question 27

Mischel’s Criticism

Answer 27

Walter Mischel believed that human behavior is largely determined by the characteristics of the situation rather than by the individual.