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GRE PSYCHOLOGY > Personality & Abnormal Psychology: Psychodynamic > Flashcards

Personality & Abnormal Psychology: Psychodynamic Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Theories

A

A branch of personality theories that focuses on the existence of unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions of individual and thus their personalities.

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2
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

A psychodynamic theorist who theorized a structural dynamic model for psychodynamic personality.

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3
Q

Major Systems of Freud’s model

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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4
Q

Id

A

The source of psychic energy whose primary function is to relieve any psychic tension, real or unreal.

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5
Q

Pleasure Principle

A

The primary aim of the Id where any psychic tension is discharged.

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6
Q

Wish Fulfillment

A

The satisfaction of a desire or need through a dream or fantasy.

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7
Q

Ego

A

The mediator between Id and reality. It operates on the reality principle.

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8
Q

Reality Principle

A

The primary aim of the ego where the pleasure principle is postponed until the actual object that will satisfy the need has been discovered or produced.

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9
Q

Superego

A

The moral branch of personality that strives for perfection by balancing the conscience and the ego-ideal.

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10
Q

Conscience

A

It provides the rules and norms about what constitutes a bad behavior.

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11
Q

Ego-Ideal

A

It provides the rules for good and appropriate behavior.

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12
Q

Instinct

A

An innate psychological representation (wish) of a bodily (biological) excitation (need)

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13
Q

Libido

A

The energy by which life instincts perform rotted in sexual drive.

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14
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

Ego’s way of unconsciously, releasing excessive pressure due to anxiety with the goal of denying, falsifying, or distorting reality

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15
Q

Main Defense Mechaism

A
  1. Repression
  2. Suppression
  3. Projection
  4. Reaction Formulation
  5. Rationalization
  6. Regression
  7. Sublimation
  8. Displacement
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16
Q

Carl Jung

A

A psychoanalytical theorist who emphasized interpersonal, sociological and cultural influences.

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17
Q

Main Components of Jung’s theory

A

Conscious
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious

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18
Q

Jung’s Conscious

A

Equivalent to Freud’s Ego

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19
Q

Jung’s Personal Unconscious

A

Equivalent to Freud’s Unconscious

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20
Q

Jung’s Collective Unconscious

A

A powerful system that is shared among humans and depicts experiences by our ancestors (ei. having a mother and father)

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21
Q

Archetypes

A

A thought or image that has an emotional element.

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22
Q

Different Essence of Archetypes

A

Persona
Anima + Animus
Shadow
Self

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23
Q

Persona

A

A mask that a person adopts in response to social demands. It originates from the concept that social riles have a useful purpose.

24
Q

Anima + Animus

A

The distinction between female and male behaviors.

25
Q

Shadow

A

The animal instincts that represents wildness and chaos

26
Q

Self

A

The unification of conscious and unconscious.

27
Q

jung’s Types of Personalities

A

Extroversion
Introversion

Both are present but one is more dominant in their different areas.

28
Q

Extroversion

A

An orientation toward the external, objective work.

29
Q

Introversion

A

An orientation toward the inner, subjective world.

30
Q

Different Psychological Functions

A

Thinking
Feeling
Sensing
Intuiting

31
Q

Alfred Adler

A

A psychoanalytical theorist who focused on the impact of social imperatives on the unconscious. He felt that a person’s drive for superiority drives the personality.

32
Q

Inferiority Complex

A

An individual’s sense of incompleteness and sense of imperfection

33
Q

Creative Self

A

A notion from Adler’s theory where an individual shapes his or her uniqueness and makes his or her own personality.

34
Q

Style of Life

A

A notion from Adler’s theory where the manifestation of the creative self describes a person’s unique way of achieving superiority.

35
Q

Fictional Finalism

A

The notion from Adler’s theory where an individual is motivated more by his or her expectations of the future than by past experiences.

36
Q

Freud’s Main Principle

A

Behavior is motivated by inborn instincts

37
Q

Jung’s Main Principle

A

Behavior is governed by inborn archetypes

38
Q

Adler’s Main Principle

A

Behavior is motivated by striving for superiority

39
Q

Karen Horney

A

A psychoanalytical theorist who studied neurosis

40
Q

Theory on Neurotic Personality

A

Karen Horney’s theory that neurotic personality is governed by one of ten needs and each of these needs are directed towards making life and interactions bearable.

41
Q

Horney’s 3 strategies

A
  1. Moving towards people to obtain the good will of people who provide security.
  2. Moving against people, or fighting them to obtain the upper hand
  3. Moving away or withdrawing from people
42
Q

Horney’s theory on personality

A

She believed that healthy people used her 3 strategies and that difficulty with these will carry through adulthood.

43
Q

Anna Freud

A

The founder of ego psychology

44
Q

Ego Psychology

A

The study of the relationship between conscious ego and the world, or the unconscious or the superego.

45
Q

Erik Erikson

A

A ego psychologist who expanded Freud’s stages to cover the entire lifespan.

46
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

The study of the creation and development of the internalized objects in young children. The “object” is the symbolic representation of the significant part of a young child’s personality.

47
Q

Object Relations Theorists

A
  1. Melanie Klein
  2. D.W Winnicott
  3. Margaret Mahler
  4. Otto Kernberg
48
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

A type of psychotherapy that was developed by Sigmund Freud. A long-term treatment used to uncover repressed memories, motives, and conflicts stemming from problems in psychosexual development.

49
Q

Hypnosis

A

The original method in Freud’s development of psychoanalysis.

50
Q

Free Association

A

A method of Freud’s psychoanalysis. The client says whatever comes to their conscious mind regardless of how personal, painful or seemingly irrelevant it may be. Together, they recreate the client’s original conflict.

51
Q

Dream Interpretation

A

Freud believed that a person’s defenses are down during dream state thus leading to understanding a person’s unconscious conflict.

52
Q

Resistance

A

An unwillingness to relate to certain thoughts, motives or experiences.

53
Q

Transference

A

Attributing to the therapist attitudes and feelings that developed in the patrient’s relations with significant others in the past. Through transference, an analyst can recreate the experience.

54
Q

Countertransference

A

When a therapist has their own emotional reaction to the client’s original transference.

55
Q

Neo-Freudian Approaches

A

A modified version of Freud’s psychoanalysis approach so as to emphasize current interpersonal relationships and life situations.

GRE PSYCHOLOGY (55 decks)

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