PHENYLKETONURIA Flashcards

1
Q

Phenylketonuria is a disease of

A

metabolism

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2
Q

PKU in an inherited

A

autosomal recessive trait

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3
Q

In PKU, the infant lacks what liver enzyme

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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4
Q

is necessary to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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5
Q

a precursor of epinephrine, T4, and melanin

A

Tyrosine

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6
Q

a breakdown product of phenylalanine

A

The metabolite phenylpyruvic acid

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7
Q

The metabolite phenylpyruvic acid causes the urine to have a

A

typical musty or “mousy” odor

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8
Q

without adequate ____, the child fails to meet average growth standards.`

A

T4

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9
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema

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10
Q

Tyrosine is necessary for building

A

*body pigment
*and T4

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11
Q

without Tyrosine, the child is

A

blue-eyed with very fair skin and light blonde hair

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12
Q

Infant with ________ needs to be rescreened for PKU at a well-child visit.

A

Atopic Dermatitis

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13
Q

PKU is found in one of every _______ births in the US

A

10,000 births

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14
Q

PKU rarely occurs in people of

A

Africa or Jewish ancestry

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15
Q

If PKU remains untreated, the child will be left with

A

*an IQ below 20
*muscular hypertonicity
*spasticity
*possible recurrent seizures

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16
Q

PKU cannot be detected by amniocentesis because

A

Phenylalanine levels does not rise in utero

17
Q

can be used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis from maternal serium

A

Recombinant DNA techniques

18
Q

All infants in the United States are screened at birth by

A

Blood Spot Analysis

19
Q

When are infants screened at birth by Blood Spot Analysis

A

after receiving 2 full days or breast or formula feedings.

20
Q

Blood Spot Analysis test of infants are repeated at what week

A

at the second week of life during healthcare visit.

21
Q

has been the main treatment of PKU for over 50 years and remains the main therapy.

A

Dietary Restriction

22
Q

works by increasing tolerance to phenylalanine

A

The drug Sapropterin

23
Q

Infants in whom PKU is detected during the first days of life are placed on what formula

A

Lofenalac

24
Q

formula that is extremely low in phenylalanine

A

Lofenalac

25
Q

a low amino acid formula can cause stools to be

A

loose

26
Q

Foods highest in phenylalanine are those that are rich in

A

protein

27
Q

Foods highest in phenylalanine are those that are rich in protein, such as

A

*meats
*eggs
*milk

28
Q

Foods low in phenylalanine include

A

*orange juice
*bananas
*potatoes
*lettuce
*spinach
*peas

29
Q

A formula such as Lofenalac can be used to prepare some foods, such as

A

*ice cream
*milk shakes
*birthday cakes
*puddings

30
Q

Children need their blood and urine monitored frequently for phenylalanine levels which should be below

A

below 8 mg per dL

31
Q

Because the diet tends to be high in carbohydrates to replace protein, children need to be screened for

A

Obesity

32
Q

Prior to pregnancy, it is important to follow what type of diet

A

strict low-phenylalanine diet for about 3 months before conception and remain on the diet for the duration of pregnancy.

33
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare metabolic disorder characterized by

A

an inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

34
Q

Plays a critical role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones

A

Tyrosine

35
Q

Tyrosine synthesize thyroid hormones such as

A

*triiodothyronine (T3)
*Thyroxine (T4)