Otitis Media Flashcards
Inflammation of the middle ear
Otitis Media
Otitis media most often occurs in children aged
children 6 to 36 months of age and again at 4 to 6 years
incidence of OM is highest in
winter and spring
why are children who are formula-fed are at more risk than breastfed
because they are held in a more reclined position that milk tends to enter the eustachian tube, a medium for infection
Symptoms of OM may include:
*ear pain
*fever
*irritability
*lethargy
*nasal discharge
Infant who are unable to verbalize the symptoms may do the following:
*become extremely irritable
*frequently pull or tug at the affected ear
Most middle ear infections, if bacterial, are caused by the following:
*streptococcus pneumoniae
*haemophilus influenzae
*moraxella catarrhalis
*streptococcus pyrogenes
OM, if bacterial is caused by what bacteria especially in children younger than 5 years?
Haemophilus Influenzae
children may need pharmacologic agents, analgesics and antipyretics such as
*acetaminophen
*ibuprofen
During the course of OM, some children experience a conductive hearing loss, this may last for
may last as long as 6 months after the acute infection
is the presence of nonpurulent fluid and inflammation in the cavities of the middle ear
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)
is an immature function of the immune system and dysfunction of the eustachian tubes
Otitis Media with Effusion
The peak incidence of OME is
among children aged 1 to 2 years old
Predisposing factors of OME include:
*URIs
*bacterial middle ear infections
*viral middle ear infections
*very low-birthweight
*preterm infants
*adenoid hypertrophy
*craniofacial abnormalities
*infective rhinitis
in OME, some children notice a feeling of
*fullness
*occasional pain
*sound of popping or ringing in the ears
the reduction of the tympanic membrane may
impede sound transmission
Color of fluid in the tympanic membrane is yellow or blue, if the condition is chronic it becomes?
color brown
Because of the inability of the ossicles to function effectively, there may be a drop in hearing from
15 to 40 dB
is the standard treatment for persistent OME
placement of tympanostomy tubes (TT)
Tympanostomy Tubes (TT) is indicated if there in an audiometric hearing loss between
25 to 40 dB
help to ventilate the cavities of the middle ear and balance the pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane
Tympanostomy Tubes (TT)
Short term Tympanostomy Tubes (TT) are used for first-line treatment and fall out between
6 and 18 months or more
Long term Tympanostomy Tubes can stay in place for
2 years or more
air is supplied to the middle ear by insertion of small plastic tubes inserted through the tympanic membrane
Tubal Myringotomy
can be placed in one or both ears as an ambulatory procedure after the local injection of lidocaine
Myringotomy Tubes
________ may enhance the clinical effectiveness of TTs in OME compared to treatments with medications of TTs alone.
Adenoidectomy
is typically recommended for children over 4 years of age.
Adenoidectomy combined with TT placement.
