BURNS Flashcards
are injuries to body tissue caused by excessive heat
Burns
excessive heat
greater than 104°F (40°C)
burn to the eye may occur from
splashed chemicals
To assist with burn classification, determine questions like
“where is the burn?” and “what are its extent and depth?”
is a quick method of estimating the extent of a burn.
“rule of nines”
When estimating the depth of a burn,
*use the appearance of the burn
*sensitivity of the area to pain
Involves the epidermis or outer layer of skin
First Degree Burn
Involves the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin
Second Degree Burn
Involves the epidermis and full extent of the dermis
Third Degree Burn
Full thickness burn extending into muscle or bone
Fourth Degree Burn
Emergency management for Minor burns
Immediately apply cool water to decrease the skin temperature and prevent further bleeding.
these burns are typically blistered
Moderate or second-degree burns
For moderate burns, these should be covered wutg
topical anitibiotic such as silver sulfadiazine and burn dressing gauze
Emergency management for third or fourth degree burn, care includes
*fluid therapy
*systematic antibiotic therapy
*pain management
*physical therapy
what is the goal for the emergency management for severe burns
goal is to prevent disability caused by scarring, infection, or contracture.
if blood vessels were burned, what will be present?
active bleeding from the lesion will be present
Most children with electric burns are admitted to an observation unit for atleast how many hours
24 hours
As a rule, burn dressings are applied
applied loosely for the first 24 hours
In applying dressing, ensure that two body surface do not come in contact with each other.
*Sides of the fingers
*back of the ears and the scalp
burn is exposed to air
Open burn therapy
burn is covered with antibiotic cream and nonadherent gauze
Closed burn therapy
is the drug of choice for burn therapy to limit infection at the burn site
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Silvadene
Silver Sulfadiazine
Because Silver sulfadiazine has a sulfa base, it is an effective agent agains
*Both gram negative and positive organisms
*candida
If pseudomonas is detected in cultures, what medication is given?
nitrofurazone (Furacin) cream may be applied.
cut into the eschar
Escharotomy
As natural protection for a burned area, a rigid scab forms over moderately or severely burned areas
an Eschar
is the removal of necrotic tissue on which microorganisms could thrive from a burned area to reduce the posibility of infection
Debridement
Debridement can be done using
Collagenase (Santyl)
an enzyme that dissolves devitalized tissue
Collagenase (Santyl)
For manual debridement, children may have to use ________ beforehand to soften and loosen eschar.
20 minutes of hydrotherapy
can be a helpful pain management measures for Debridement procedure
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy or patient-controlled analgesia
When will the area be ready for skin grafting
about 2 weeks after injury when a full bed of granulation tissue is present
is the placement of skin (sterilized and frozen) from cadavers or a donor on the cleaned burn site.
Allografting
For allografting. In small children, what may be used
Xenografts, or skin from other sources such as porcine (pig)
is a process in which a layer of skin of both epidermis and a part of the dermis is removed from a distal, unburned portion of the child’s body and placed over the prepared burn site.
Autografting
Skin for a split-thickness graft is removed from the
buttocks or inner thighs
Large burns may require what graft?
Mesh Graft
A strip of partial-thickness skin is slit at intervals so that it can be stretched to cover a larger area
Mesh Grafts
Autograft sites heal so quickly that they can be reused every
7 to 10 days
This graft involves both layers of the skin and are used for deep or very sever burned areas.
Full-thickness grafts
For full-thickness grafts, skin for these sites is usually removed from
the back or abdomen.
an alternative to skin grafting in a child who does not have enough unburned skin surface for autografting is
Using Artificial Skin
