Chapte 21 Flashcards
Is the medical term for any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable
Abortion
Defined as a fetus of more than 20 to 24 weeks of gestation or one that weighs atleast 500g.
Viable fetus
Miscarriage that occurs before week 16 of pregnancy
Early miscarriage
Miscarriage that occurs between 16 and 20 weeks
Late miscarriage
The only artery that delivers blood towards the heart muscles
Coronary artery
Most frequent cause of miscarriage in the first trimester is
Abnormal fetal development
Symptoms begin as a vaginal bleeeding intially only scant and usually bright red
Threatened miscarriage
A patient may notice slight cramping but no cervical dilatation is present on vaginal examination
Threatened miscarriage
Key intervention for threatened miscarriage
Avoidance of strenous activity for 24 to 48 hours.
Loss of the products of conception cannot be halted.
Imminent (Inevitable) miscarriage
How much is abnormally heavy bleeding
Saturating more than one pad per hour
The entire products of conception are expelled sponataneously without any assistance.
Complete miscarriage
Part of the conceptus (usually the fetus) is expelled, but the membranes or placenta is retained in the uterus
Incomplete miscarriage
Intervention for incomplete miscarriage
D&C or suction curettage
Also commonly referred to as early pregnancy failure, the fetus die in utero but is not expelled
Missed miscarriage
Medication management for missed miscariage are
Misoprostol and mifepristone
Patients who had three spontaneous miscarriages that occured at the same gestational age were called
Habitual aborters
Habitual aborters are also knows as
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Organisms responsible for infection after miscarriage are usually
Enterobacteriaceae
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Enterococci
Why advise patients not to use tampons during infections
Stasis of any body fluid increases the risk of infection
This infection usually involves the inner lining of the uterus
Endometritis
For septic abortion, a comination of what antiobiotics are commonly prescribed to combat infection
Combination of penicillin (Gram-positive coverage), gentamicin (gram-negative aerobic coverage), and metronidazole (gram-negative anaerobic coverage)
Production of antibodies against Rh-positive blood.
Isoimmunization
This prevents the buildup of antibodies in the event the conceptus was Rh positive.
RhIG (RhoGAM)
Is one in which implantation occured outside the uterine cavity.
Ectopic pregnancy
Is an abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of the throphoblastic vili
Gestational trophoblastic disease
H mole occurs most often in
*Patients who have a low dietary intake of animal fat
*older than 35 years or
*younger than 15 years and
*are of asian heritage
Treatment that involves temporarily sewing the cervix closed with stitches
Cervical Cerclage
Incompetent cervix, refers to a cervix that dilates prematurely and therefore cannot retain a fetus until term.
Premature Cervical Dilatation
First symptom of cervical dilatation
Pink-stained vaginal discharge
A condition in which the placenta is implanted abnormally in the lower part of the uterus.
Placenta previa
Most common cause of painless bleeding in the third trimester
Placenta previa
Help speed up lung maturity or development in preterm babies
Betamethasone
Infection of the fetal membranes and fluid
Chorioamnionitis
A patient experiences what in premature separation of the placenta
Sharp, stabbing pain high in the uterine fundus as the initial separation occurs
Is an acquired disorder of blood clotting in which the fibrinogen level falls to below effective limits
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Stops or delay preterm labor by helping prevent and slow contractions of the uterus
Terbutaline
Given by IV, used to treat preeclampsia and prevent eclamptic seizures
Magnesium Sulfate
Is a condition in which vasospasm occurs in both small and large arteries during pregnancy, causing increased blood pressure.
Gestational hypertension
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy related disease process evidenced by
*Increased blood pressure
*proteinuria
What antiplatelete agen may prevent ordelay the development of preeclampsia
Low dose aspirin
Antidote for magnesium toxicity due to administration of magnesium sulfate
1g of calcium gluconate solution
Magnesium sulfate is continued for __ to __ hours after birth to prevent eclampsia
12 to 24 hours
Tonic phase lasts approximately
20 seconds
The clonic stage of seizure lasts for
1 minute
Meaning of HELLP syndrome
*Hemolysis leads to anemia
*Elevated liver enzymes lead to epigastric pain
*Low platelets lead to abnormal bleeding
Amniotic fluid volume at term is
500 to 1000 mL
Refers to pregnancy with less than the average amount of amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios
