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Human anatomy > Peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

Peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of CT in a nerve?

A

Endoneurium-surrounds individual axons
Perineurium-surrounds bundles of axons called fascicles
Epineurium-surrounds entire nerve

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2
Q

Olfactory nerve (CNI)

A
  • Carries sense of smell
  • sensory
  • cribiform foramina
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3
Q

Optic nerve (CNII)

A
  • carries sense of vision
  • sensory
  • Optic Canal
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4
Q

Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

A
  • Excites most extraocular muscle (medial rectus, s. rectus, i. rectus, and inferior oblique), excites levator palpebrae superioris, carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate intraocular muscles (ciliary muscles and circular pupillary constrictor muscles of the iris)
  • Motor
  • Superior orbital fissure
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5
Q

Trochlear nerve (CNIV)

A
  • Excites the superior oblique extraocular muscles
  • Motor
  • Superior orbital fissure
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6
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

A
  • Carries the sense of touch from the face
  • excites the muscles of mastication including the masseter and temporalis
  • Both sensory and motor
  • Consists of three branches- opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
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7
Q

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal

A
  • Sensory info from superior facial region including orbits

* Superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

A
  • Sensory infor from middle facial skin including superior oral region
  • Foramen rotundum
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9
Q

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

A
  • Motor info to masseter and temporalis

* Foramen ovale

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10
Q

Abducens nerve (CNVI)

A
  • Excites lateral rectus extraocular muscles
  • Motor
  • Superior orbital fissure
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11
Q

Facial nerve (CNVII)

A
  • carries sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • excites the muscles of facial expression including frontalis, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris
  • carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate the lacrimal gland, sublingual salivary gland and submandibular salivary gland
  • Both sensory and motor
  • Internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
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12
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)

A
  • carries sense of hearing
  • Sensory
  • Internal acoustic meatus
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13
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CVIX)

A
  • carries sense of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  • sense of touch from the posterior tongue and pharynx *sense of blood pressure and sense of blood gas concentrations from arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located in the carotid sinus
  • excites muscles of the pharynx important for swallowing
  • carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate the parotid salivary gland
  • Both sensory and motor
  • Jugular foramen
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14
Q

Vagus nerve (CNX)

A
  • carries sensory info from visceral organs
  • sense of blood pressure and gas concentrations from arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
  • carries the majority of parasympathetic efferent fibers that regulate visceral organs
  • Both sensory and motor
  • Jugular foramen
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15
Q

Accessory nerve (CNXI)

A
  • Excites trapezius and deltoids
  • Motor
  • Jugular foramen
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16
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

A
  • Excites muscle that move the tongue including genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus
  • Motor
  • Hypoglossal canal
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17
Q

Ganglia

A

gray matter in PNS

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18
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

bulge on dorsal root

  • contains soma of pseudounipolar sensory neurons
  • Afferent fibers travel in to the spinal cord through the dorsal root
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19
Q

Trunk of spinal nerve

A

*Formed by the fusion of ventral and dorsal nerve roots

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20
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Small branch that curves posteriorly and innervates the skin and muscles of the posterior regions of the body

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21
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Large branch that curves anteriorly and innervates the anterior trunk and limbs

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22
Q

Plexus

A

Interlacing nerve network formed by several ventral rami that join together then branch again

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23
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Forms from C1-C5

*innervates skin and muscles of the neck and shoulder

24
Q

Phrenic nerve

A
  • cervical plexus
  • Forms from ventral rami of C3-C5
  • excites the diaphragm
25
Q

Brachial plexus

A
  • Forms from C5-T1
  • Innervates pectoral girdle and arm
  • Spinal trunks C5-T1 are called roots of the brachial plexus that converge to from 3 trunks, each runk divides into 2 divisions, these 6 divisions unite to form 3 cords
26
Q

What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior (C5-C6), Middle (C7), and Inferior (C8-T1)

27
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

28
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral, medial and posterior cord
*cords give rise to branches of the brachial plexus that form the specific peripheral nerves that travel through the upper limb

29
Q

Lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

formed from anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

30
Q

Medial cord of brachial plexus

A

formed by anterior division of inferior trunk

31
Q

Posterior cord of brachial plexus

A

formed by union of all 3 posterior divisions

32
Q

Ulnar nerve

A
  • Travels down medial brachial and antebrachial regions
  • Innervates flexors of medial forearm and hand, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus
  • Forms from C8-T1 by way of MEDIAL cord
33
Q

Median nerve

A
  • Travels down the anterior brachial and antebrachial regions just lateral to the ulnar nerve
  • Innervates flexors of lateral forearm and hand, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Forms from C6-T1 by way of LATERAL and MEDIAL cords
34
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • travels down the anterior of the brachial region deep to biceps brachii and superficial to brachialis
  • Innervates flexor arm muscles, biceps brachii, and brachialis
  • Forms from C5-C7 by way of LATERAL cord
35
Q

Radial nerve

A
  • travels down posterior lateral brachial and antebrachial regions
  • Innervates arm and forearm extensor muscles, extensor carpi or digitorum
  • forms from C5-T1 by way of the POSTERIOR cord
36
Q

Axillary nerve

A
  • Travels through axillary region
  • Innervates deltoid, teres minor
  • Forms from C5-C6 by way of POSTERIOR cord
37
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

T12-L4

*Innervates lower abdomen, medial and anterior portions of the thigh

38
Q

Femoral nerve

A

*Lumbar plexus
Travels down anterior femoral region (thigh)
*Innervates quadriceps femoris
*Forms from L2-L4

39
Q

Obturator nerve

A

*lumbar plexus
Travels down medial femoral region
*Innervates adductor magnus and longus
*Forms from L2-L4

40
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

*Innervates lateral and posterior portions of femoral and sural regions

41
Q

Sciatic nerve

A
  • sacral plexus
  • largest nerve in the body, travels down the posterior femoral region
  • excites hamstrings
  • Forms from L4-S3-branches to form tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
42
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Innervates posterior compartment of lower leg-gastrocnemius and soleus

43
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

Branches into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve

44
Q

Superficial fibular nerve

A

Innervates lateral compartment of leg- fibularis longus and brevis muscles

45
Q

Deep fibular nerve

A

Innervates anterior compartment of lower leg-dorsi flexors and toe extensors, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus

46
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls skeletal muscles

  • Voluntary
  • Muscles must be excited or they are inactive
  • One motor neuron extends from the CNS all the way to the effector muscle
47
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates glands, smooth and cardiac muscles

  • Involuntary
  • Two neuron chain between the CNS and the effector
  • preganglionic neuron-cell body lies in the CNS and axon extends to an autonomic ganglia in the PNS (myelinated)
  • Postganglionic neuron-cell body lies in autonomic ganglia and axon extends to effector organ (unmyelinated)
48
Q

Sympathetic autonomic division

A

Fight or flight, enables body to cope rapidly when excited, frightened, or during exercise and emergency situations

  • Increases heart rate and blood pressure
  • Activates sweat glands
  • Pupils dilate
  • liver releases glucose to meet increased energy needs
49
Q

Parasympathetic autonomic division

A

Rest and digest, dominant in nonstressful situations, conserves energy and directs maintenance activities such as digestion and excretion

  • Blood to visceral organs-increase digestive tract mobility
  • Pupil constriction
  • Glandular secretion-digestive
  • BP,HR and respiratory rates are at low normal levels
50
Q

Thoracolumbar region

A
  • sympathetic division
  • preganglionic fibers emerge from thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve roots (T1-L2)
  • Short preganglionic fibers
  • Long postganglionic fibers
51
Q

Chain ganglia or paravertebral ganglia

A

lateral to bodies of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

  • contains soma of postganglionic sympathetic motor neurons that are postsynaptic to preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers travel from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord out through the ventral root, then through the white ramus connecting to ganglion
52
Q

Collateral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia

A

Anterior to the vertebral column

53
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Endocrine gland directly stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers
*These cells release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) into the blood stream to function as hormones

54
Q

Craniosacral origin

A
  • parasympathetic division
  • preganglionic fibers emerge from brainstem and sacral regions through cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves
  • Long preganglionic fibers
  • Short postganglionic fibers
  • Ganglia close to target organ
55
Q

Terminal ganglia

A

very close to target organ

56
Q

Intramural ganglia

A

within the walls of the target organ

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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