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Human anatomy > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of blood?

A

Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers in the walls of blood vessels?

A 
Tunica interna(intima)-deepest layer-simple squamous
Tunica media-middle layer, mostly smooth muscle
Tunica externa (adventitia)-superficial layer, mostly fibrous CT
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3
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart, thick walls to withstand high blood pressure

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4
Q

elastic arteries

A

larger arteries close to the heart, thickest walls - aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid arteries & subclavian arteries

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5
Q

muscular arteries

A

medium sized arteries further from heart, have high proportion of smooth muscle in tunica media- all arteries not listed as elastic arteries

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6
Q

arterioles

A

very small arteries leading to capillaries

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7
Q

Veins

A

carry blood towards the heart, thin walled, carry blood at low pressure, commonly equipped with valves to prevent backwards flow of blood due to gravity

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8
Q

venules

A

extremely small veins that drain blood from capillaries

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9
Q

capillaries

A

the smallest blood vessels that provide site for exchange of substances between the blood and other tissues

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10
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

control the flow of blood through the capillary beds, smooth muscle that respond to local controls

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11
Q

continuous capillaries

A

most common type of capillary found in almost all vascularized tissues, characterized by a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions between endothelial cells

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12
Q

intercellular clefts

A

small spaces between endothelial cells that allow substances to pass though the capillary wall

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13
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

have pores (fenestrations) that make the capillary permeable to larger molecules and enable bulk flow to carry fluids at a higher rate *found in kidney, small intestine, and several endocrine organs

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14
Q

sinusoids

A

least common type of capillary have extensive intercellular gaps and incomplete basement membrane making them highly permeable to larger molecules and cells *found in liver, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes

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15
Q

What factors influence diffusion in capillary beds?

A

minimal diffusion distance
maximized surface area for exchange
maximized time for exchange (slow velocity of flow)

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16
Q

Left and Right coronary arteries

A

branch off from the ascending aorta

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17
Q

Circumflex artery

A

arises from left coronary and follows the coronary sulcus to the left

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18
Q

anterior interventricular artery

A

aka left anterior descending artery (LAD), second major branch arising from the left coronary artery

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19
Q

right coronary artery

A

proceeds along the coronary sulcus and distributes blood to the right atrium, portions of both ventricles and the heart conduction system

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20
Q

Marginal arteries

A

arise from the right coronary artery inferior to the right atrium, supply blood to the superficial portions of the right ventricle

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21
Q

posterior interventricular artery

A

aka posterior descending artery (PDA)-runs along posterior interventricular sulcus

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22
Q

coronary veins

A

drain the heart and generally parallel the large surface arteries

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23
Q

great cardiac vein

A

can be seen initially on the surface of the heart following the interventricular sulcus, but eventually flows along the coronary sulcus into the coronary sinus on the posterior surface, receives several major branches including the middle cardiac vein and the small cardiac vein

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24
Q

Middle cardiac vein

A

parallels posterior interventricular artery

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25
Q

small cardiac vein

A

drains the blood from the posterior surface of the right atrium and ventricle

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26
Q

coronary sinus

A

large, thin-walled vein on the posterior surface of the heart lying within the coronary sulcus and emptying directly into the right atrium

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27
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

first branch off the aorta, travels superiorly towards the clavicle and branches into the right common carotid and the right subclavian

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28
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

second branch off the aorta, travels to the head

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29
Q

External carotid arteries

A

supplies skull outside cranium, terminates as superficial temporal artery

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30
Q

facial arteries

A

branch from the external carotid to supply the face

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31
Q

internal carotid arteries

A

supplies everything inside the cranium

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32
Q

vertebral arteries

A

first branch of the subclavian arteries, travels superiorly through cervical transvers foramen and then into the cranium through the foramen magnum

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33
Q

basilar artery

A

formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries

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34
Q

circle of willis

A

circles the pituitary gland, formed by anterior and posterior communicating arteries, connecting the right and left internal carotids and basilar artery

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35
Q

anterior cerebral arteries

A

branches anteriorly from the circle of willis. supplies the frontal lobe

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36
Q

middle cerebral arteries

A

supplies the temporal and parietal lobes

37
Q

posterior cerebral arteries

A

branches off the basilar artery and supplies posterior cerebrum

38
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

runs sagitally along the top of the falx cerebri, drains to the transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus to internal jugular

39
Q

internal jugular vein

A

receives most of the blood draining from the brain, drains into the subclavian veins forming the brachiocephalic veins

40
Q

external jugular vein

A

drains scalp and face, empties into the subclavian veins

41
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

third branch off the aorta, travels under the clavicle and turns into axillary artery

42
Q

internal thoracic

A

arise from the subclavian and supply the anterior wall of the thoracic cavity

43
Q

axillary artery

A

as subclavian reaches axillary region it becomes the axillary artery

44
Q

brachial artery

A

axillary artery turns into the brachial as it runs along the humerus

45
Q

radial artery

A

runs down the lateral aspect of the forearm

46
Q

ulnar artery

A

runs down the medial aspect of the forearm

47
Q

palmar arches

A

radial and ulnar arteries anastomose as deep and superficial palmar arches

48
Q

Veins draining the arm

A

Palmar venous arches to radial or ulnar vein to brachial vein to axillary vein to subclavian vein to brachiocephalic to superior vena cava

49
Q

basilic vein

A

drain palmar venous arches and runs along the medial underside of the arm, merges with the brachial vein to become the axillary vein

50
Q

cephalic vein

A

runs along the lateral side of the arm and merges with axillary becoming subclavian vein

51
Q

medial cubital

A

antecubital anastomosis of cephalic and basilic veins (common venipuncture site)

52
Q

Azygos (“unpaired”) vein

A

ascends from the abdominal cavity along the right side of the vertebrae

53
Q

Hemiazygos vein

A

crosses from left to right in front of thoracic vertebrae and joins the azygos vein

54
Q

abdominal aorta

A

thoracic aorta becomes the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm

55
Q

inferior phrenic arteries

A

supply the diaphragm

56
Q

celiac trunk

A

large unpaired branch off the aorta that branches into the common hepatic, the left gastric artery and the splenic artery

57
Q

common hepatic artery

A

gives off branches to the liver as the hepatic artery proper

58
Q

splenic artery

A

supplies the stomach, pancreas, and branches terminate in the spleen

59
Q

left gastric artery

A

supplies the stomach and inferior esophagus

60
Q

superior mesenteric

A

unpaired branch off the descending aorta, immediately below the celiac trunk-supplies small intestines and most of the large intestines

61
Q

middle colic

A

branches from the superior mesenteric, supplies transverse colon

62
Q

right colic

A

branches from superior mesenteric, supplies ascending colon

63
Q

ileocolic

A

branches from superior mesenteric, supplies ilium and cecum

64
Q

renal arteries

A

arise on the lateral surface of the abdominal aorta below the superior mesenteric

65
Q

gonadal arteries

A

arise off the descending aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric

66
Q

inferior mesenteric

A

final major unpaired branch of the descending aorta, arises anteriorly and supplies blood to the distal portion of the large intestines and the rectum

67
Q

left colic

A

branches off the inferior mesenteric, supplies descending colon

68
Q

lumbar arteries

A

four pairs arise on the posterior of the aorta to supply the posterior abdominal wall

69
Q

Veins draining the digestive organs

A

different drainage pattern that seen elsewhere. Superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein drain into the hepatic portal vein, the liver is then drained by hepatic veins that empty into the inferior vena cava

70
Q

superior mesenteric vein

A

drains the small intestines and part of the large intestines

71
Q

inferior mesenteric vein

A

drains the distal portions of the large intestines, joins the splenic vein

72
Q

splenic vein

A

drains spleen, stomach, and pancreas-joins superior mesenteric forming hepatic portal vein

73
Q

hepatic veins

A

drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava

74
Q

gonadal veins

A

the right empties into the inferior vena cava while the left empties into the renal vein

75
Q

renal veins

A

drain the kidneys into the inferior vena cava

76
Q

common iliac arteries

A

the descending abdominal aorta branches into the right and left common iliac

77
Q

internal iliac arteries

A

branches from the common iliac and supplies the pelvic organs

78
Q

external iliac arteries

A

passes under the inguinal ligament to become femoral

79
Q

femoral arteries

A

travels down the anterior of femur, on posterior side it becomes popliteal artery behind knee, branches into posterior and anterior tibial arteries

80
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

forms from the anterior tibial artery at the ankle

81
Q

digital veins

A

drain into the plantar and dorsal venous arches

82
Q

posterior tibial veins

A

drainsthe plantar venous arch and travels up the posterior tibia where it is joined by the fibular (peroneal) vein

83
Q

anterior tibial veins

A

drains the dorsal venous arch and merges with the posterior tibial at the knee to form the popliteal vein

84
Q

popliteal veins

A

crosses the knee and is joined by the small saphenous vein to form femoral vein

85
Q

small saphenous vein

A

superficial vein, runs on the lateral aspect of the leg to the popliteal vein

86
Q

femoral veins

A

drains the thigh. is joined proximally by the femoral circumflex, deep femoral vein, and the great saphenous vein. The femoral vein then crosses under the inguinal ligament and becomes the external iliac vein

87
Q

great saphenous vein

A

longest vein in the body, runs on medial leg and thigh to the femoral vein

88
Q

external iliac veins

A

joined by the internal iliac vein to become the common iliac vein

89
Q

common iliac vein

A

right and left common iliac veins merge to become the inferior vena cava

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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