Ear (senses)

Question 1

Ear

Answer 1

responsible for hearing and equilibrium

Question 2

Auricle/pinna

Answer 2

outer visible portion of the ear, channels sound waves into the auditory canal

Question 3

External acoustic meatus/auditory canal

Answer 3

pathway directing sound towards the middle ear

Question 4

Tympanic membrane

Answer 4

sound waves cause it to vibrate, boundary between external and middle ear

Question 5

Middle ear

Answer 5

small air-filled cavity within the petrous portion of temporal bone, deep to the tympanic membrane

Question 6

Ear ossicles

Answer 6

tiny bones that bridge the tympanic membrane to the oval window on the cochlea of the inner ear

Question 7

Malleus/hammer

Answer 7

most lateral ossicle, attached to tympanic membrane

Question 8

Incus/anvil

Answer 8

middle ossicle

Question 9

Stapes/stirrup

Answer 9

most medial ossicle, attached to the oval window

Question 10

Oval window

Answer 10

opening between middle and inner ear

Question 11

Eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic)

Answer 11

connects middle ear and superior portion of the throat (nasopharynx)

• equalizes pressure in the middle ear
• opens when swallowing or yawning

Question 12

Inner ear

Answer 12

bony labyrinth filled with perilymph fluid, contains a membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph fluid

Question 13

Cochlea

Answer 13

spirals around a central axis and is divided into three ducts…vestibular duct, tympanic duct, and cochlear duct

Question 14

Vestibular duct

Answer 14

begins at the oval window

Question 15

Tympanic duct

Answer 15

ends at the round window

Question 16

Cochlear duct (middle)

Answer 16

part of the membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph and contains the organ of corti

Question 17

Organ of corti

Answer 17

contains auditory hair cell receptors responsible for hearing that extend between the flexible basilar membrane and the rigid tectorial membrane

Question 18

Vestibule

Answer 18

central cavity of the bony labyrinth

• responsible for equilibrium (vestibular) sense-position of the head, detects linear and angular acceleration
• important for reflexes that maintain posture and move the eyes to stabilize an image as the head moves

Question 19

Maculae

Answer 19

regions of the utricle and saccule that contain the hair cell receptors that detect linear acceleration

Question 20

Semicircular canals

Answer 20

three canals orientated in one of the three planes contain semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth

Question 21

Crista ampullaris

Answer 21

regions of the semicircular ducts that contain hair cell receptors that detect angular acceleration

Question 22

Describe the auditory pathway from auditory hair cell receptors to primary auditory cortex

Answer 22

hair cell receptors>vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)>medulla oblongata>Thalamus>Temporal lobe

Question 23

Hair cell receptors

Answer 23

in the cochlea, release neurotransmitters onto the dendrites of bipolar neurons that have their soma in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea