Heart

Question 1

Mediastinum

Answer 1

Medial region of thoracic cavity, contains the heart and extends from rib 2 to the 5th intercostal space.

Question 2

Right atrium

Answer 2

receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Question 3

Right ventricle

Answer 3

delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk

Question 4

Left atrium

Answer 4

receives blood from the pulmonary veins

Question 5

Left ventricle

Answer 5

delivers blood to the aorta

Question 6

Aorta

Answer 6

largest elastic artery of the systemic circuit, forms an arch over the base of the heart

Question 7

Superior vena cava

Answer 7

large vein that drains the superior portions of the systemic circuit

Question 8

Inferior vena cava

Answer 8

Large vein that drains the inferior portions of the systemic circuit

Question 9

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 9

largest elastic artery that carries blood toward the heart

Question 10

pulmonary veins

Answer 10

vessels that drain oxygen rich blood from lungs into left atrium

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

large superior region where the greater vessels attach to the heart

Question 12

Auricle

Answer 12

flap like outer portion of the atria

Question 13

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 13

Groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface that contains the left anterior descending coronary artery and the great cardiac vein

Question 14

Ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 14

Remnant of the ductus arteriosus from the fetal citculation that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch

Question 15

Coronary sulcus

Answer 15

groove between the atria and the ventricles that contains the coronary sinus, right coronary artery and circumflex artery

Question 16

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 16

groove between left and right ventricles on posterior surface that contains the middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular artery

Question 17

pectinate muscles

Answer 17

muscular ridges in the walls of the atria

Question 18

trabeculae carneae

Answer 18

muscular ridges in the walls of ventricles

Question 19

interventricular septum

Answer 19

wall separating the left and right ventricles

Question 20

fossa ovalis

Answer 20

remnant of foramen ovale that enabled blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal heart

Question 21

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 21

prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right ventricle

Question 22

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 22

prevents blood from flowing backwards into the left ventricle

Question 23

Tricuspid atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

Answer 23

prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

Question 24

Bicuspid AV valve (Mitral valve)

Answer 24

Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium

Question 25

Chordae tendinae

Answer 25

fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the AV valves to the papillary muscles

Question 26

pericardium

Answer 26

tough, double walled sac that encloses the heart

Question 27

fibrous pericardium

Answer 27

outermost layer, composed of dense CT

Question 28

Parietal pericardium

Answer 28

serous membrane lining the fibrous pericardium

Question 29

visceral pericardium

Answer 29

serous membrane adhering to the outside of the heart

Question 30

pericardial fluid

Answer 30

serous fluid between the parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 31

epicardium

Answer 31

outer epithelial layer of heart aka visceral pericardium

Question 32

myocardium

Answer 32

middle layer of cardiac muscle

Question 33

endocardium

Answer 33

inner layer of heart, simple squamous epithelium lining the chambers

Question 34

Systemic circuit

Answer 34

arteries carry oxygen rich blood, veins carry deoxygenated, starts with the aorta carrying blood away from left ventricle and ends with the vena cava draining blood into right atrium

Question 35

pulmonary circuit

Answer 35

consists of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs and veins that carry oxygen rich blood towards the heart

Question 36

Intrinsic conduction system

Answer 36

specialized tissue that is autorythmic (self-excitable), does not rely on the nervous system for stimulation but the autonomic nervous system can modify the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker cells

Question 37

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 37

autorythmic cells in a region of the right atrium that functions as the pacemaker because these cells have the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization enabling them to set the heart rate

Question 38

Atriventricular bundle (bundle of His)

Answer 38

autorythmic cells in the interventricular septum that relay the signal down through the septum to the bundle of branches that travel toward the walls of the left and right ventricles

Question 39

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 39

autorythmic cells in the superior region of the interventricular septum that function to slow down the action potential

Question 40

Purkinje fibers

Answer 40

relays action potential rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium

Question 41

Umbilical vein

Answer 41

carries oxygen/nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

Question 42

ductus venosus

Answer 42

allows blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava

Question 43

foramen ovale

Answer 43

opening in the interatrial septum, shunts blood from the right atria to the left atria, closes at birth to become fossa ovale

Question 44

ductus arteriosus

Answer 44

shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, closes at birth to become ligamentum arteriosum

Question 45

umbilical arteries

Answer 45

carries oxygen poor blood and waste to the placenta