Heart Flashcards
Mediastinum
Medial region of thoracic cavity, contains the heart and extends from rib 2 to the 5th intercostal space.
Right atrium
receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
Right ventricle
delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk
Left atrium
receives blood from the pulmonary veins
Left ventricle
delivers blood to the aorta
Aorta
largest elastic artery of the systemic circuit, forms an arch over the base of the heart
Superior vena cava
large vein that drains the superior portions of the systemic circuit
Inferior vena cava
Large vein that drains the inferior portions of the systemic circuit
Pulmonary trunk
largest elastic artery that carries blood toward the heart
pulmonary veins
vessels that drain oxygen rich blood from lungs into left atrium
Base
large superior region where the greater vessels attach to the heart
Auricle
flap like outer portion of the atria
Anterior interventricular sulcus
Groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface that contains the left anterior descending coronary artery and the great cardiac vein
Ligamentum arteriosum
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus from the fetal citculation that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch
Coronary sulcus
groove between the atria and the ventricles that contains the coronary sinus, right coronary artery and circumflex artery
Posterior interventricular sulcus
groove between left and right ventricles on posterior surface that contains the middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular artery
pectinate muscles
muscular ridges in the walls of the atria
trabeculae carneae
muscular ridges in the walls of ventricles
interventricular septum
wall separating the left and right ventricles
fossa ovalis
remnant of foramen ovale that enabled blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal heart
pulmonary semilunar valve
prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
prevents blood from flowing backwards into the left ventricle
Tricuspid atrioventricular valve (AV valve)
prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium
Bicuspid AV valve (Mitral valve)
Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium
Chordae tendinae
fibrous strings of connective tissue that attach the AV valves to the papillary muscles
pericardium
tough, double walled sac that encloses the heart
fibrous pericardium
outermost layer, composed of dense CT
Parietal pericardium
serous membrane lining the fibrous pericardium
visceral pericardium
serous membrane adhering to the outside of the heart
pericardial fluid
serous fluid between the parietal and visceral pericardium
epicardium
outer epithelial layer of heart aka visceral pericardium
myocardium
middle layer of cardiac muscle
endocardium
inner layer of heart, simple squamous epithelium lining the chambers
Systemic circuit
arteries carry oxygen rich blood, veins carry deoxygenated, starts with the aorta carrying blood away from left ventricle and ends with the vena cava draining blood into right atrium
pulmonary circuit
consists of arteries that carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs and veins that carry oxygen rich blood towards the heart
Intrinsic conduction system
specialized tissue that is autorythmic (self-excitable), does not rely on the nervous system for stimulation but the autonomic nervous system can modify the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker cells
Sinoatrial (SA) node
autorythmic cells in a region of the right atrium that functions as the pacemaker because these cells have the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization enabling them to set the heart rate
Atriventricular bundle (bundle of His)
autorythmic cells in the interventricular septum that relay the signal down through the septum to the bundle of branches that travel toward the walls of the left and right ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) node
autorythmic cells in the superior region of the interventricular septum that function to slow down the action potential
Purkinje fibers
relays action potential rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium
Umbilical vein
carries oxygen/nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus
ductus venosus
allows blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava
foramen ovale
opening in the interatrial septum, shunts blood from the right atria to the left atria, closes at birth to become fossa ovale
ductus arteriosus
shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, closes at birth to become ligamentum arteriosum
umbilical arteries
carries oxygen poor blood and waste to the placenta
