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Human anatomy > Eye (sense) > Flashcards

Eye (sense) Flashcards

1
Q

What three tunics/layers compose the wall of the eye?

A

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and neural tunic

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2
Q

Fibrous tunic

A

Tough fibrous superficial layer of the eye

*Sclera & cornea

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3
Q

Sclera

A
  • fibrous tunic

* white of the eye, dense CT

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4
Q

Cornea

A
  • fibrous tunic

* Clear anterior portion of the eye

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5
Q

Vascular tunic (uvea)

A

middle layer of the eye rich with blood vessels

*Choroid, ciliary body and iris

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6
Q

Choroid

A
  • Vascular tunic

* Pigmented layer prevents reflection of light that would blur an image

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7
Q

Ciliary body

A
  • Vascular tunic
  • Ring of smooth muscle (ciliary muscles) attached to the lens by suspensory ligaments
  • controls shape of the lens
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8
Q

Iris

A
  • Vascular tunic
  • Smooth muscle which controls the diameter of the pupil
  • circular pupillary constrictor muscles and radial pupillary dilator muscles
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9
Q

Circular pupillary constrictor muscles of iris

A

Stimulated by parasympathetic efferent fibers

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10
Q

Radial pupillary dilator muscles of iris

A

Stimulated by sympathetic efferent fibers

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11
Q

Neural tunic (retina)

A

deepest layer of the eye, extends anteriorly to the posterior margin of the ciliary body
*portion of the eye where an image is formed

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12
Q

Pigmented epithelium

A
  • neural tunic

* most superficial layer of neural tunic epithelial cells contain melanin granules to prevent reflection of light

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13
Q

Photoreceptor layer

A
  • neural tunic

* located just deep to pigmented epithelium, contains photoreceptor cells that detect light

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14
Q

Rods

A

photoreceptors sensitive to broad wavelength range providing black and white vision

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15
Q

Cones

A

photoreceptors sensitive to narrow wavelength range providing color vision

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16
Q

Bipolar neuron layer of retina

A

layer of retina deep to the photoreceptors, relays info from rods and cones to retinal ganglion

17
Q

Retinal ganglion neuron layer of retina

A

deepest layer of retina, contains large neurons that extend axons through the optic nerves and optic tracts

18
Q

Optic disc

A

location where axons of retinal ganglion neurons exit the eye, creates a blind spot in the visual field because there are no photoreceptors in this region

19
Q

Fovea centralis

A

small pit in the center of the macula lutea which contains the greatest concentration of cones, sharpest vision

20
Q

Anterior cavity of the eye

A

In front of the lens, contains aqueous humor which provides nutrients to the lens and cornea

21
Q

Anterior chamber of the anterior cavity

A

anterior to iris

22
Q

Posterior chamber of the anterior cavity

A

posterior to iris, anterior to lens

23
Q

Lens

A

Clear biconvex disc shaped structure that can change its convexity (curvature) to focus light from an object close to the face (near point accommodation)

24
Q

Posterior cavity of the eye

A

Posterior to the lens, filled with jelly like vitreous humor

25
Q

Palpebrae

A

Eyelids, protects and covers the eye

26
Q

Eyelashes

A

keep debris out of the eyes

27
Q

Conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane lining inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye

28
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane covering the inside of eyelids

29
Q

bulbar conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane covering the sclera of the eye

30
Q

lacrimal gland

A

found on the superior lateral surface of the eye, produces tears

31
Q

lacrimal sac

A

collects tears

32
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity

33
Q

Superior rectus

A

directs gaze superiorly, excited by CNIII (oculomotor nerve)

34
Q

Medial rectus

A

directs gaze toward midline, excited by CNIII (oculomotor nerve)

35
Q

Inferior rectus

A

directs gaze inferiorly, excited by CNIII (oculomotor nerve)

36
Q

lateral rectus

A

directs gaze away from midline, excited by CNVI (abducens)

37
Q

Superior oblique

A

rotates the superior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIV (Trochlear nerve)

38
Q

Inferior oblique

A

rotates the inferior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIII (oculomotor nerve)

39
Q

Describe the visual pathway from the photoreceptors to primary visual cortex

A

Photoreceptors>bipolar neurons of the retina>retinal ganglion neurons>optic nerve>optic chiasm>optic tract>Thalamus>occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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