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Human anatomy > Appendicular skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What does clavicle consist of?

A

“collarbone”- sternal end, acromial end, and coracoid tuberosity

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2
Q

What does scapula consist of?

A

“shoulder blade”- Glenoid cavity, coracoid process, acromial process. superior border, lateral border, medial border, scapular spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa and subscapular fossa

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3
Q

What does the sternal end of clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium forming the sternoclavicular joint (only joint connecting axial and appendicular skeleton)

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4
Q

What does the acromial end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

Acromial process of scapula forming acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

What does the coracoid tuberosity attach to and where is it located on the clavicle?

A

Located on inferior surface of clavicle near the acromial end and attaches to conoid ligament that connects to corocoid process of scapula

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6
Q

What does the glenoid cavity of the scapula articulate with?

A

Head of the humerus

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7
Q

What does acromial process of scapula articulate with?

A

Acromial end of clavicle

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8
Q

What does the coracoid process serve as?

A

Origin for short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis, insertion for pectoralis minor

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9
Q

What does the scapular spine serve as?

A

Origin for deltoid muscle and insertion for trapezius

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10
Q

What do the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa serve as?

A

Origins of supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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11
Q

What does the subscapular fossa serve as?

A

Origin of subscapularis muscle

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12
Q

What does the Humerus consist of?

A

Head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity, radial fossa, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, trochlea, capitulum, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle

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13
Q

what does head of humerus articulate with?

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula

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14
Q

What is the anatomical neck of humerus?

A

border capsule for shoulder joint

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15
Q

What is the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

epiphyseal line

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16
Q

What does the greater tubercle serve as?

A

Insertion for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles of the rotator cuff (lateral proximal end of humerus)

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17
Q

What does lesser tubercle of humerus serve as?

A

Insertion for subscapularis muscle (medial to greater tubercle)

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18
Q

What does intertubercular groove of the humerus serve as?

A

Insertion for pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major (space between greater and lesser tubercle)

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19
Q

What does the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus serve as?

A

Insertion for deltoid muscle

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20
Q

Radial fossa of humerus (lateral)

A

accommodates the head of the radius during flexion of the elbow

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21
Q

Coronoid fossa of humerus (medial)

A

Accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the elbow

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22
Q

Olecranon fossa (posterior)

A

Accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during extension of the elbow

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23
Q

Trochlea (medial)

A

articulates with the ulna to form the elbow joint

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24
Q

Capitulum (lateral)

A

articulates with the radius to form the elbow joint

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25
Q

Medial epicondyle (superior to trochlea)

A

serves as origin for muscles of the forearm that flex the wrist and fingers like flexor carpi radialis, fc ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis

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26
Q

Lateral epicondyle (superior to capitulum)

A

serves as origin for muscles of the forearm that extend the wrist and fingers like extensor carpi radialis brevis, ec ulnaris and extensor digitorum

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27
Q

What does the ulna consist of?

A

head, olecranon process, coranoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, styloid process and ulnar tuberosity

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28
Q

Head of the ulna

A

On distal epiphysis

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29
Q

Olecranon process of the ulna

A

serves as insertion for triceps, enters the olecranon fossa of humerus during extension of the elbow

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30
Q

Coronoid process of the ulna

A

enters the coronoid fossa of humerus during flexion of the elbow

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31
Q

Trochlear notch of ulna

A

accommodates trochlea of humerus to form elbow joint

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32
Q

Radial notch of ulna

A

articulates with head of the radius

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33
Q

Styloid process of the ulna

A

small extension on posterior of distal epiphysis- stabilizes the wrist

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34
Q

Ulnar tuberosity of ulna

A

Serves as insertion for brachialis muscle, performs flexion of the elbow

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35
Q

What does the radius consist of?

A

Head, radial tuberosity, ulnar notch and styloid process

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36
Q

Head of radius

A

On proximal diaphysis of radius articulates with radial notch of the ulna

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37
Q

Radial tuberosity of radius

A

serves as insertion for biceps brachii

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38
Q

Ulnar notch of radius

A

medial side near distal diaphysis, articulates with head of the ulna

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39
Q

Styloid process of radius

A

stabilizes the wrist

40
Q

What are the short bones of the wrist. lateral to medial?

A

Proximal row- Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Distal Row-Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
“Stop letting those people touch the cadaver’s hands”

41
Q

What comes after the short bones of the wrist?

A

Metacarpals- Pollex being 1st metacarpal and little finger being 5th metacarpal

42
Q

What comes after metacarpals?

A

Phalanges- Each digit has a proximal, middle and distal phalanx except the pollex which just has proximal and distal

43
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis (3 bones fused to form coxal bone)

44
Q

Ilium

A

Flat superior region of coxal bone

45
Q

Iliac crest (Ridge on superior end of ilium)

A

Origin for the internal abdominal oblique and insertion for external abdominal oblique that perform flexion and rotation of the vertebral column

46
Q

Iliac fossa (anterior surface of ilium)

A

origin of iliacus muscle that performs hip flexion

47
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine (pointed process at anterior border of iliac crest)

A

Origin of sartorius muscle that laterally rotates and abducts hip

48
Q

Anterior inferior iliac spine

A

Origin of rectus femoris of the quadriceps group that extend the knee

49
Q

Posterior superior iliac spine

A

small pointed process on posterior border of iliac crest

50
Q

Posterior inferior iliac spine

A

small pointed process at the superior border of the greater sciatic notch

51
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

large curve on posterior of ilium where the largest nerve in the body travels (sciatic nerve)

52
Q

Acetabulum

A

Articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

53
Q

Ischium

A

forms the inferior posterior region of the coxal bone

54
Q

Ischial spine

A

Small process at inferior border of greater sciatic notch and superior border of lesser sciatic notch

55
Q

Obturator Foramen

A

Origin of obturator muscles that assist with lateral rotation and abduction of hip

56
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Origin for hamstrings muscles that flex the knee (biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus)

57
Q

Ischial Ramus

A

Articulates with inferior pubic ramus

58
Q

Pubis

A

Bone that forms the anterior inferior region of the coxal bone

59
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Articulation between medial surfaces of left and right pubis- composed of fibrocartilage

60
Q

Superior pubic ramus

A

Projects lateral towards acetabulum, superior to obturator foramen

61
Q

Inferior pubic ramus

A

articulates with ischial ramus forming inferior border of obturator foramen

62
Q

Pubic turbercle

A

small rounded prejection on anterior of coxal bone, is superior border of inferior pubic ramus and medial border of superior pubic ramus

63
Q

Pubic arch/angle

A

Angle formed below pubic symphysis, usually <90 degress in male and >90 degrees in female

64
Q

What makes up the femur?

A

Head, fovea, neck, lesser and greater trochanters, intertrochanteric crest, intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial and lateral epicondyle and condyle, intercondylar fossa and patellar surface

65
Q

Head of femur

A

articulates with acetabulum of coxal bone

66
Q

Fovea

A

Depression on the femoral head that attaches to ligament of the head to stabilize hip joint

67
Q

Neck of femur

A

narrow region connecting head to diaphysis

68
Q

Lesser trochanter of femur

A

rough projection on proximal end of femur medial to neck and is insertion for iliacus and psoas muscles that flex the hip

69
Q

Greater trochanter of femur

A

rough projection lateral to neck, insertion for gluteus medius and piriformis muscles that abduct hip

70
Q

Intertrochanteric crest

A

Ridge on posterior of femur connecting lesser and greater trochanters

71
Q

Intertrochanteric line

A

On anterior between greater and lesser trochanters, distal end of the hip joint capsule

72
Q

Gluteal tuberosity

A

posterior of femur inferior to greater trochanter, insertion for gluteus maximus that extends the hip

73
Q

Linea aspera

A

“rough line”- elevation on midline of posterior diaphysis, origin for biceps femoris short head of quadriceps muscle group that flex the knee and insertion for adductor magnus

74
Q

Medial and lateral epicondyle of femur

A

ridges superior to condyles, provide point of attachment for lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the knee

75
Q

Medial and lateral condyle of femur

A

articulate with medial and lateral condyles of tibia to form knee joint

76
Q

Intercondylar fossa

A

deep indentation between medial and lateral condyles

77
Q

Patellar surface

A

Smooth anterior side of distal epiphysis, superior to lateral and medial condyles

78
Q

What does the tibia consist of?

A

Medial and lateral condyle, intercondylar eminencem tibial tuberosity, anterior crest/margin, medial malleolus

79
Q

Medial and lateral condyle of tibia

A

articulate with condyle of he femur to form knee joint

80
Q

Intercondylar eminence of tibia

A

Ridges between lateral and medial condyles of tibia

81
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

rough projection on anterior of proximal epiphysis

82
Q

Anterior crest/margin of tibia

A

ridge on anterior surface of diaphysis distal to tibial tuberosity

83
Q

Medial malleolus

A

“hammer”-projects from distal epiphysis on medial side to prevent lateral sliding on the talus

84
Q

What does the fibula consist of?

A

Head and lateral malleolus

85
Q

Head of fibula

A

proximal epiphysis

86
Q

Lateral malleolus of fibula

A

Stabilizes ankle joint

87
Q

What are the tarsals (ankle and posterior pedal bones)?

A

Talus, Calcaneous, Cuboid, Navicular, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and medial cuneiform

88
Q

Talus

A

2nd largest tarsal, articulates with tibia and fibula to form ankle joint

89
Q

Calcaneous

A

largest tarsal forms the heel and is the insertion for plantar flexors of sural region via achilles tendon

90
Q

Cuboid

A

large cube shaped short bone, lateral pedal region, articulates with metatarsals 4 and 5

91
Q

Navicular

A

medial pedal region, articulates with talus and cuneiform bones

92
Q

Lateral cuneiform

A

articulates with medial side of cuboid and base of 3rd metatarsal

93
Q

Intermediate cuneiform

A

articulates with base of 2nd metatarsal

94
Q

Medial cuneiform

A

articulates with base of 1st metatarsal

95
Q

Metatarsals

A

long bones in tarsal region 1-5 Hallux being 1st metatarsal

96
Q

Phalanges

A

Pedal digits 1-5 proximal, middle and distal phalanx, except for the hallux which consists of proximal and distal phalanx

97
Q

what does the knee joint consist of?

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, medial and lateral menisci

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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