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Human anatomy > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the cranium?

A

PEST OF 6 or 8… Parietal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal

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2
Q

Squama of Frontal Bone

A

Flat region forming the forehead

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3
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

Upper edge of the eye socket (frontal)

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4
Q

Supraorbital Foramen

A

Opening in center of supraorbital margin (frontal) contains nerve that sends sensory info from superior region of face

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5
Q

Zygomatic process of frontal bone

A

articulates with frontal process of zygomatic bone

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6
Q

Parietal Bones

A

2 bones on superior lateral walls of cranium

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7
Q

Grooves for meningeal vessels

A

Depressions on deep surface that contour to the blood vessels in the membranes surrounding the brain

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8
Q

Parietal eminence

A

Central region on exterior surface of parietal bones with the greatest convex curvature

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9
Q

What are the four major sutures?

A

Coronal, Sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid

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10
Q

Coronal suture

A

between frontal and parietal

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11
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between two parietal

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12
Q

Squamous suture

A

between temporal and parietal

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13
Q

lambdoid suture

A

between occipital and parietal

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14
Q

Occipital Bone

A

large flat convex bone makes up posterior wall and base of cranium

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15
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

large opening on base of cranium, contains medulla oblongata that attaches to spinal cord

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16
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Smooth extensions lateral to foramen magnum that articulate with c1 or atlas

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17
Q

Hypoglossal Canals

A

lateral to foramen magnum contains a cranial nerve that excites muscles of the tongue

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18
Q

External occipital crest, protuberance, and nuchal lines

A

on exterior of occipital bone, point of attachement for muscles and ligaments that extend and stabilize the neck

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19
Q

Fossa for cerebrum

A

smooth convex deep surface contours to occipital lobe of cerebrum

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20
Q

Fossa for cerebellum

A

smooth convex deep surface contours to cerebellum

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21
Q

Jugular notch

A

forms the medial side of jugular foramen that is origin of jugular vein draining blood from the brain

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22
Q

Temporal bone

A

2 medium sized irregular shaped bones forming the inferior lateral walls of the cranium

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23
Q

Squamous part of temporal bone

A

Exterior flat part that forms the squamous suture

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24
Q

Petrous part of temporal bone

A

interior part that has a complex shape and contains middle ear w auditory ossicles and inner ear with cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

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25
Q

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

A

articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone

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26
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

articulates w condylar process of mandible to form only mobile skull joint

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27
Q

External acoustic/auditory meatus

A

Opening for air in external ear vibrate the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the middle ear

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28
Q

Internal acoustic/auditory meatus

A

vestibular cochlear nerve travels from inner ear

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29
Q

Mastoid process

A

insertion for sternocleidomastoid muscle that flex and rotates neck

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30
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

located between styloid and mastoid processes, opening that contains facial nerve

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31
Q

Styloid process

A

origin of styloglossus and stylohyoid muscles

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32
Q

Carotid foramen or canal

A

Contains internal carotid artery supplying blood to the brain, located medial lateral to styloid process

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33
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

medium sized irregular shaped bone forms the anterior floor of cranium and articulates with all seven of the other cranial bones, contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity

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34
Q

Pterygoid processes

A

Inferior extensions that provide attachment for pterygoid jaw muscles

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35
Q

Greater wings

A

Majority of sphenoid bone extending lateral from the central body and contains foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, and foramen rotundum

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36
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

furthest posterior and lateral opening in greater wing, small rounded opening that contains meningeal vessels

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37
Q

Foramen ovale

A

oval shaped opening on posterior of greater wing contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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38
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

round opening on the medial to foramen ovale in the greater wing contains maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

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39
Q

Lesser wing

A

broad regions on anterior superior to greater wings, contains optic foramen

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40
Q

Optic foramen

A

contains optic nerve that carries vision from the eyes

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41
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

large elongated opening between the lesser and greater wing, contains several nerves traveling to and from eyes

42
Q

Sella Turcica

A

Cup shaped depression posterior and medial to lesser wings that protects the pituitary gland

43
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

small irregular bone that forms the roof of nasal cavity, contains air filled sinuses that connect with nasal cavity

44
Q

Crista galli

A

“rooster comb” anterior attachment of falx cerebri (meninges that stabilize brain)

45
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Numerous small foramina lateral to the crista galli that contain branches of the olfactory nerve

46
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

forms superior portion of nasal septum dividing the nasal cavity into left and right

47
Q

Nasal concha

A

superior and middle nasal concha are scroll shaped extensions of the ethmoid that project into the nasal cavity lateral to the perpendicular plate and produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air

48
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

formed from frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

49
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

formed from sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones

50
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

formed from the occipital, temporal and parietal bones

51
Q

What is a fontanelle?

A

fibrous CT between cranial bones of an infant

52
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

Junction of sagittal and coronal sutures

53
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

54
Q

Sphenoidal fontanelle

A

junction of squamous and coronal sutures

55
Q

Mastoid fontanelle

A

junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures

56
Q

What are the facial bones?

A

Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh…Vomer, Concha, Nasal, Mandible, Maxilla, Palatine, Zygomatic, Lacrimal.

57
Q

Vomer

A

Small flat bone shape resembles a plow, forms the inferior portion of nasal septum

58
Q

Nasal bones

A

2 small flat bones forming the bridge of the nose

59
Q

Maxilla

A

2 irregular shaped bones, form upper jaw and medial margin of orbit, contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity

60
Q

Alveolar process

A

ridges around teeth

61
Q

Mandible

A

Irregular bone forming the lower jaw, body contains alveolar process and mental foramen

62
Q

Mental foramen

A

Opening on the anterior surface of mandible that contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

63
Q

Ramus

A

Process that projects superior from mandibular angle

64
Q

Condylar process

A

articulates with mandibular fossa to form only mobile skull joint

65
Q

Coronoid process

A

insertion for temporalis muscle that closes jaw

66
Q

Mandibular notch

A

smooth concave curve at end of ramus between condylar and coronoid processes

67
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

opening on medial surface of ramus contains a division of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve carrying sensory information from lower jaw (site for novacain injections)

68
Q

Palatine bones

A

2 small irregular bones that resemble the letter L with a horizontal plate that form the posterior 1/3 of hard palate

69
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

2 medium sized irregular bones that form the cheeks, located lateral to the maxillae and anterior to temporal and sphenoid bones

70
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

2 smallest bones of the face located in the medial orbits

71
Q

Lacrimal groove

A

forms nasolacrimal duct draining tears

72
Q

Hyoid

A

small irregular horseshoe shape bone located inferior to mandible, has no bony joints

73
Q

List the bones that form the orbital complex (7)

A

Frontal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine, Lacrimal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid

74
Q

How many bones make up the vertebral column?

A

26…7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx

75
Q

Primary curve

A

Present at birth, thoracic and sacral regions

76
Q

Secondary curve

A

Develop w upright posture, cervical and lumbar regions

77
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curve

78
Q

Kyphosis

A

exaggerated thoracic curve “hump back”

79
Q

Lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curve “sway back”

80
Q

Characteristics of a typical vertebrae

A

Body, Pedicles, Lamina, spinous process, transverse processes, superior and inferior articular processes, intervertebral foramen

81
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Pad preventing contact between adjacent vertebral bodies, annulus fibrosus is outer ring of fibrocartilage, nucleus pulposus is jelly like core of loose CT

82
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

C1 to C7, C1 is atlas, C2 is axis, split tip spinous process, transverse formamina in transverse processes, C7 is vertebra prominens and does not have split tip spinous process C7 is similar to thoracic vertebrae but has no costal facets

83
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1 to T12, costal facets on the body and transverse processes articulate w the ribs, long slender spinous processes that point inferior

84
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

L1 to L5, large oval shaped body, small vertebral foramen, blunt square shaped spinous process

85
Q

Sacrum

A

Large irregular bone forming the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity, formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae, base is wide superior end that articulates w L5, apex is inferior end that articulates w coccyx, canal contains spinal nerves that extend from spinal cord through the vertebral foramen and exit throughj the 4 pairs of sacral foramina, median sacral crest is ridge on the posterior down midline resulting from fused spinous processes

86
Q

Coccyx

A

“tail” bone made of 3-5 small vertebrae that fused together late in life

87
Q

Sternum

A

large flat bone along midline on anterior thorax

88
Q

Manubrium

A

broad superior part of sternum

89
Q

jugular notch

A

curved superior edge on midline between clavicles

90
Q

Body of sternum

A

large middle portion

91
Q

Xyphoid process

A

“sword like” inferior pointed tip of sternum, originally made up of cartilage but gradually ossifies during adult life

92
Q

Ribs

A

24 medium sized flat bones extending lateral and anterior from the thoracic vertebrae, superior ten curve medial at the anterior of the thorax to form cartilaginous articulations with sternum (costal cartilage)

93
Q

True ribs

A

numbered 1-7 attach to sternum directly through distinct costal cartilages

94
Q

False ribs

A

8-10 attach to costal cartilage of rib 7

95
Q

Floating ribs

A

11 & 12 have no costal cartilage

96
Q

Features of a rib

A

Head, Tubercle, Neck, Angle, Costal groove

97
Q

Head of rib

A

articulates w the costal facets or vertebral body

98
Q

Tubercle of rib

A

articulates with the costal facets on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

99
Q

Neck of rib

A

region between head and tubercle

100
Q

Angle of rib

A

point of greatest curvature

101
Q

Costal groove

A

long narrow depression on the inferior surface that contains costal nerves and blood vessels

Human anatomy (27 decks)

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