Perfect tense Flashcards
What is the perfect tense?
The perfect tense is used to talk about the past, especially single, rather than repeated actions
I’ve already eaten dessert
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I’ve already eaten dessert
Den Nachtisch habe ich schon gegessen
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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Last night I saw a crime drama on TV
Gestern Abend habe ich einen Krimi im Fernsehen gesehen
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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I’ve only seen her once since the accident
Seit dem Unfall habe ich sie nur einmal gesehen
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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She has already done her homework
Sie hat ihre Hausaufgaben schon gemacht
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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Did you sleep well?
Haben Sie gut geschlafen?
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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He worked hard
Er hat fleißig gearbeitet
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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I have already done that
Ich habe das schon gemacht
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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Where did you used to work?
Wo haben Sie früher gearbeitet?
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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I took a shower this morning
Ich habe mich heute Morgen geduscht
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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She didn’t remember it
Sie hat sich nicht daran erinnert
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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Yesterday I went to the cinema
Gestern bin ich ins Kino gegangen
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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She left very early this morning
Sie ist heute Morgen ganz früh abgefahren
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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At which stop did they get off?
An welcher Haltestelle sind sie ausgestiegen
Here the perfect tense talks about a single, completed action.
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How is the perfect tense formed in German
Conjugate present tense of haben or sein plus past participle
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Which verbs take haben as their auxiliary verb?
Most verbs use haben including reflexive verbs
Conjugate in the present tense
haben (to have)
- ich habe
- du hast
- er hat
- wir haben
- ihr habt
- sie/Sie haben
Conjugate in the perfect tense
machen (to make)
- ich habe gemacht
- du hast gemacht
- er hat gemacht
- wir haben gemacht
- ihr habt gemacht
- sie/Sie haben gemacht
Which verbs take sein as their auxiliary verb?
Verbs which take no direct object and mainly talk about movement or change of state use sein
Conjugate in the present tense
sein (to be)
- ich bin
- du bist
- er ist
- wir sind
- ihr seid
- sie/Sie sind
Conjugate in the perfect tense
gehen (to go)
- ich bin gegangen
- du bist gegangen
- er ist gegangen
- wir sind gegangen
- ihr seid gegangen
- sie/Sie sind gegangen
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They have made
Sie haben gemacht
machen uses haben as its auxilliary verb
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She didn’t remember it
Sie hat sich nicht daran erinnert
reflexive verbs use haben as their auxilliary verb
What is the past participle for
holen (to fetch)
geholt
For weak verbs the past participle is formed: ge + stem + t
What is the past participle for
machen (to make)
gemacht
For weak verbs the past participle is formed: ge + stem + t
What is the past participle for
studieren (to study)
studiert
For verbs ending in ierrn, ge- is not added
What is the past participle for
laufen (to run)
gelaufen
For strong verbs the pp is formed: ge + stem (plus vowel change) + en
What is the past participle for
singen (to sing)
gesungen
For strong verbs the pp is formed: ge + stem (plus vowel change) + en
What is the past participle for
bringen (to bring)
gebracht
For mixed verbs the pp is formed: ge + stem (plus vowel change) +t
What is the past participle for
aufmachen (to open up)
aufgemacht
For seperable verbs the past participle is prefix + pp of base verb
What is the past participle for
bestellen (to order)
bestellt
For inseperable verbs, ge is not added to the stem when forming the pp
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I have gone
Ich bin gegangen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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You have come
Du bist gekommen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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He has arrived
Er ist angekommen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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We have left
Wir sind gegangen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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She has got on
Sie ist eingestiegen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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They have died
Sie sind gestorben
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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We have been
Wir sind gewesen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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They have become
Sie sind geworden
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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He has remained
Er ist geblieben
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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They have met
Sie sind begegnet
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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We have succeeded
Es ist uns gelungen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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I have got up
Ich bin aufgestanden
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
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She has fallen
Sie ist gefallen
Verbs which take no direct object, movement or changes of state use sein
