peds99 Flashcards
management of scarlet fever
goal is to prevent development of rheumatic fever; approp antibiotics include oral penicillin VK, IM benzathine penicillin, or for penicllin allergic patients, erythromycin or macrolides
complications of GABHS infections
post-strep glomerulnephritis several weeks later (abx does not prevent this); rheumatic fever; post-strep arthritis (abx does not prevent this); pediatric autoimmune neuropsych disorders assoc with strep infecntions (PANDAS)
PANDAS
patients develop the acute onset of obsessive compulsive symptoms ro a tic disorder after strep infection. Antibiotic therapy prevents this complicaiton
toxic shock syndrome
toxin-mediated illness characterized by shock, desquamating skin rash, and multiorgan dysfunction
causative organisms of TSS
staph aureus is most common; GABHS also
diagnostic criteria for TSS
fever greater than 101; hypotension; diffuse macular erythroderma; desquamation; multisystem involvement; neg culture of blood, CSF, and pharynx (except for pos blood culture for staph)
viral causes of diarrhea
rotavirus and norwalk virus
rotavirus
most common cause of viral gastroenteritis; winter months
how is rotavirus spread
fecal oral
incub for rotavirus
1-3 days
clinical features of rotavirus
may be asymp or may have vomitting, diarrhea, and dehydration; diarrhea is self limited and lasts 4-7 days. Sx of URI may sometimes be present
diagnosis for rotavirus
pos stool ELISA; WBCs are absent fro the stool
management of rotavirus
supportive
norwalk virus spread
fecal oral
norwalk virus what populations?
closed popuation like day care centers, schools, cruise ships
clinical features between noro and rotavirus
similar; duration of illness s shorter for noro (2-3 days)
ELISA useful in the diagnosis of what kind of infections causing diarhhea
rotavirus, giardia, c diff
major cause of traveler’s diarrhea
ETEC (enterotoxigneic e coli)
bloody diarrhea causes?
Shigella, salmonella (or nonbloody), campylobacter jejuni
watery diarrhea causes?
ETEC, EPEC, salmonella (or bloody), vibrio cholerae
what bacteria is responsible for hemolytic uremic syndroe (HUS)?
EHEC, via endotoxin release
do you give antibiotics in EHEC with HUS?
no, it may make the disease worse
complication of shigella diarrhea
children may develop seizures
what bacteria is assoc with exposure to poultry, milk, eggs, and exposure to lizards or turtles
salmonella
