peds101 Flashcards
antibiotic activity against pseudomonas for Cf patients
ceftazadime(or penicillin deriv) plus aminoglycoside like amikacin or gentamycin
digeorge syndrome
catch22- conotruncal cardiac defects; abnormal facies; thymic aplasia, cleft palate; hypocalcemia
2 year old vocab
150-300 words
micrognathia, microcephaly, overlapping fingers, rocker bottom feet, VSD, absent palmar creases
edwards syndrome, trisomy 18
heart defect in trisomy 21
ASD or endocardial cushion defect
william’s syndrome heart defect
supravalvular aortic stenosis, pulm stenosis, or septal defects
what are the CATCH-22 syndromes
digeorge and velocardiofacial
what cardiac abnormality is assoc with the catch-22 syndromes
conotruncal abnormalities (truncus, tet of fallot, interupted aortic arch)
interupted aortic arch
almost always assoc with VSD
congenital heart block assoc with what?
neonatal lupus
PDA assoc with what?
congenital rubella
coronary artery aneurysms
kawasaki disease
treatement of pertussis
macrolides in catarrhal stage; less effective later on
macrolide abx
azithromycin, clarithromycin
post-tussive emesis
think pertusis
hemophilic arthropathy
late complic of hemophilia and caused by hemosidern/iron dep leading to synovitis and fibrosis within the joint
patient with alkali ingestion
upper GI endoscopy
whenever IV access cannot be obtained, what do you try next?
intraosseus cannulation; osteomyelitis is a rare complication
vitD supplementation in breast fed babies
400 IU daily
treatment of rickets
1000-2000 IU daily of vit D
congenital syphilis
frontal bossing, anterior bowing of the shins (saber shins); saddle nose deformity; notch-gapped teeth (Hutchinson teeth)
cupping and fraying of the metaphyses of the lung bones
sign of rickets on xray
postpericardiotomy syndrome
pleuropericardial disease that occurs days to months after cardiac surgery; inflamm from surgery leads to pericardial effusion;
CHF on chest xray
pulm vascular congestion and interstitial edema
treatment for OCD
fluoxetine or other high dose SSRI
dermatitis herpetiformis
itchy blistering rash assoc with celiac disease
prolonged PR interval on EKG
think rheumatic fever
therapy in pericarditis
salicylates
paramyxo virus
measles and mumps
most common organism responsible for pericarditis
coxsackie virus
leukocyte def type 1
deficiency in ability of neutrophils to migrate; absence of pus with infection; delayed umbilical cord separation; poor wound healing; recurrent skin and mucosal bacterial infections; periodontiti, often necrotizine
leukocyte def type 1 on lab
leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance; bx shows inflamm infiltrate devoid of neutrophils
adenosine deaminase def
AR form of SCID; toxic accum of adenosine leads to def in mature B and T cell formation
nitroblue tetrazolium test
neg (abnormal) in chronic granulomatous disease
chronic granulomatous disease pathophy
defective intracellular killing due to impaired respiratory burst from activated phagocytes; nitroblue tetrazolium test is neg; dihydrohodamine 123 test is more sens and quantify the severity of illness
developmental defects in the pharyngeal arch system
digeoge
digeorge immune def
T cell def; also thymic hypoplasia
opsonization defects result from what
asplenia because spleen produces opsonizing antibody, which is required for clearance of encapsulated organisms
preseptal cellulitis
aka periorbital cellulitis
proptosis
eyes popping out
murmur in coarctation of the aorta
heard all over the chest due to collaterals developing
rib notching
caused by dilation of the collateral chest wall vessels in coarctation of the aorta
pericardial calcification
constrictive pericarditis
how to diagnose absence seizure
ask patient to hyperventilate; it should mimic the seizure
no post-ictal state in absence seizures
right
differentiating between typical and atypical absence seizure
atypical is slower (freq 2.5 hz as opposed to 3 hz)
iron poisoning tx
deferoxamine
TCA and aspirin overdose antidote
sodium bicarb
prolonged QT and torsade des pointes- what med to give patien?
mag sulfate
severe lithium toxicity
hemodialysis because lithium is very dializable
hyperkalemia- give what to protect the heart
calcium gluconate
oral succimer
lead poisoning chelating agent
pediatric viral myocarditis caused by what
coxsackie or adenovirus
why would heart failure due to myocarditis give you a holosystolic murmur
the heart dilates because it is filled with blood it cannot pump and then you get mitral regurg during systole
myocarditis on echo
global hypokinesis
why is strep pharyngitis (and rheumatic fever) uncommon in kids less than 3
they have fewer epithelial cells in the throat for the strep to infect
can you see wheezing in a patient with pulm edema?
yes
blue sclerae and hearing loss
osteogenesis imperfecta; defect in type 1 collagen
fibrillin-1 defect
marfans
the most common predisposing factor for bacterial sinusitis
viral URI
treatment for bacterial sinusitis
amox plus clavulonic acid
kid with uti less than 24 mos
treat and then do renal and bladder u/s to see if there is anatomic reason exposed to UTI
koplik’s spots
red spots with bluish specks over the buccal mucosa seen in measles; fade once the rash appears
rash in measles
starts on face and spreads to trunk and extremities
herpes virus 6 causes what rash
roseola infantum
croup aka
laryngotracheobronchitis
laryngeal diptheria
can present like croup; in an unvaccin kid
hypointense center with ring enhancement on brain CT
brain abscess
bullous myringitis
seen in patients with acute otitis media; bullous on the TM; more severe ear pain than normal OM; assoc with mycoplasma pneumoniae
cholesteatoma
growth of squamous epithelium in the middle ear
what condition is assoc with false pos RPR test results
lupus
cystic hygroma
lymphangioma; dilated lymphatic spacies lined by endothelium; commonly occur on the neck
clubfoot management
stretching, manipulation of the foot, and serial casting
terbinafine
a topical antifungal
mongolian spot
congenital dermal melanocytosis; fades spontaneously during the first decade of life
babinski reflex
normal (adult) is to have a plantar response; up to 2 year olds, an extensor response is normal
acute unilateral lymphadenitis
bacterial infection, usually staph aureus, next most common is group a strep
difference between craniopharyngioma and pituitary tumor
craniopharyngioma has calcifications; pit tumor secretes prolactin in addition