peds96 Flashcards
exanthem in rubella
non-pruritic, maculopap, and confluent; begins on face, spreads to the trunk, and extremities, and lasts 3-4 days
complications of rubella
meningoencephalitis; polyarteritis; congenital rubella syndrome (most serious complic)
congenital rubella syndrome
maternal infection during the first trimester; fetal anomalies occur in 30-50% of infected fetuses; thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and purpura (blueberry muffin baby”)
blueberry muffin baby
congenital rubella syndrome
fetal anomalies in congenital rubella syndrome
congenital cataracts and PDA; sensorineural hearing loss and meningoencephalitis
late complications of congenital rubella syndrome
mental retardation, type 1 dm, and autoimmune thyroid disease
management of rubella
supportive
aspergillosis
invasive disease only in severely immunocomp patients;
management of aspergillosis
high dose antifungal like amphotericin B and surgery to resect the aspergilloma
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
wheezing, eosinophila, and pulm infiltrates; happens in patients with chronic lung disease (CF)
management of allergic broncopulmonary aspergillosis
corticosteroids, and in some cases antifungal therapy
common reason that candida would go
use of antibiotics allows it to flourish
invasive candida growth in immunocomp patients may cuase what
fungemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and endophthalmitis
treatment for invasive candida
antifungal
foung in the soil in the southwestern united states fungus
coccidiodomycosis
how does coccidio infect you?
inhaled into the lungs
clinical features of coccidio infection
most are asymp or cause a mild pneumonia; but immunocomp may get disseminated disease (sever pneumonia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis)
management of coccidio infection
none in mild disease; in disseminated disease, systemic antifungal
where is cryptococcus found?
in the soil
how is crypto infection acquired
inhaled into lungs
clinical features of crypto infection
most infections asymp; in immunocomp, spread to the CNS (cryptomeningitis is an AIDS defining illness)
management of crypto infection
systemic antifungal therapy
amebiasis
infection by the protozoan entamoaeba histolytica
how do you acquire amebiasis
ingestion of the cyst in contaminated food or water
when do sx appear in amebiasis infection?
1-4 weeks after ingestion when the trophozoite emerges from the cyst and invades the colonic mucosa
where is amebiasis present?
worldwide, but highest incidence in developing nations
clinical features of amebiasis
most patients are asymp; symp intestinal disease may range from mild colitis to severe dysentery
symptoms of the diarrhea of amebiasis
cramping abdominal pain, tenesmus, and diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus;
complications of amebiasis
intestinal perforation, hemorrhage, strictures, and local inflamm mass called ameboma
extraintestinal amebiasis
abscess (most commonly in the liver), although it may form in the brain, lung, or other organ
diagnosis of amebiasis
ID of the trophozoites or cyst in the stool; colonoscopy with biopsy or serum antibody assays may also be used
management of amebiasis
metronidazole, along with a luminal amebicide like iodoquinol
how is giardia infection acquired
fecal-oral when the cyst is ingested
classic patient for giardia
drinking contaminated mountain water in the western unitted states; there are also daycare center outbreaks
clinical features of giardia infection
range from asymp to explosive diarrhea; may persist for 2-6 weeks
voluminous, watery, foul-smelling diarrhea
giardia
