peds6 Flashcards
state screening for metabolic disorders
all screen for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism; most screen for galactosemia; most for sickle cell anemia and hemoglobinopathies
phimosis
inability to retract the foreskin by age 6; this is indication for circumcision
paraphimosis
when the retracted foreskin cannot be returned to normal position; results in obstruction to lymphatic flow and edema; another indication for circumcision
range for tooth eruption
3 to 16 months
first tooth
lower, central incisor
primary teeth (20 in total) are established by when
2 years of age
when does secondary tooth eruption begin
between 6 and 8 years
how many permanent teeth are there
32
what can cause early teeth eruption? Late?
hyperthyroidism, hypo
other causes of delayed tooth eruption?
familial, down syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia
ectodermal dysplasia
delayed tooth coming in; conical shaped teeth, dysmorphic facial features; decreased sweat glands and alopecia
other causes of early teeth eruption
precocious puberty, familial causes, growth hormone excess
fluorocosis
due to excess fluoride; can lead to abnormalities in dental enamel and dentin; just cosmetic- white streaks and pitting or brown-gray staining
when is the most critical time for vulnerability to excess fluoride
2-4 years of age
natal teeth
present at birth
neonatal teeth
present in the first month of life
teeth that most commonly present early
central mandibular (lower) incisors; 90% are primary teeth and 10% are supernumerary teeth
most common bacteria causing nursing or bottle caries
streptococcus mutans
carries occur in which teeth
the upper ones because the lower ones are covered by the tongue
management of a permanent tooth that falls out
gently rinse with saline, put it back in the socket, and refer to the dentist; a dry tooth has a poor prognosis
hypospadias
contraindication to circumcision; abnormally placed urethra
rear facing car seat until when?
12 months of age and 20 lbs
toilet trainign
between 1 and 2 years
what foods are avoided until at least 1 year of age?
fish, egg whites, wheat, citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate; due to risk of allergies
development quotient
developmental age/chronologic age; greater than 85 is normal, less than 70 is abnormal
