peds2

Question 1

epstein peaels

Answer 1

small white epidermoid-mucoid cysts found on the hard palate; usually disappear within a few weeks

Question 2

edema and webbing of the neck suggests what

Answer 2

turners syndrome

Question 3

branchial cleft cyst

Answer 3

cyst on the lateral neck

Question 4

cystic hygromas

Answer 4

really big cyst on the neck

Question 5

cysts of the thyroglossal duct may cause what

Answer 5

midline clefts or masses

Question 6

neonatal torticollis

Answer 6

asymmetric shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

neonatal torticollis can be caused by what?

Answer 7

the baby being in a fixed position in utero or from a post-natal hematoma resulting from birth injury

Question 8

pectus carinatum

Answer 8

prominent and bulging sternum

Question 9

pectus excavatum

Answer 9

depresssed sternum

Question 10

Poland syndrome

Answer 10

chest assym as a result of underdevelopment or absence of chest muscle (pectoralis)

Question 11

def of tachypnea

Answer 11

RR greater than 60/min

Question 12

what can you expect in preterm infant breathign

Answer 12

short apneic bursts that last 5-10 secs; no clinical significance

Question 13

what should you consider with diminished femoral pulses

Answer 13

coarctation of the aorta

Question 14

what should you consider with increased femoral pulses?

Answer 14

PDA

Question 15

urachus

Answer 15

fibrous remnant of the canal that drains the urinary bladder that runs in the umbilical cord

Question 16

diastasis recti

Answer 16

rectal abdominal muscles are separated into right and left halves; no treatment necessary; it will go away on its own as the abdominus rectus grows

Question 17

umbilical hernia

Answer 17

caused by incomplete closure of the umbilical ring; more common in african american children; most close spontaneously and require no treatment;

Question 18

when do you do surgery on an umbilical hernia

Answer 18

those that persist past 4-5 years and those that cause symptoms

Question 19

perisistent urachus

Answer 19

complete failure of the urachal duct to close; may present with urine draining from the umbilicus because there is a fistula between the bladder and the umbilicus

Question 20

meconium

Answer 20

obstruction of the left colon and rectum by dense dehydrated meconium

Question 21

meconium ileus

Answer 21

occlusion of the ileus bymeconium due to lack of pancreatic enzymes

Question 22

when is meconium usually passed by infants?

Answer 22

within 24 hours in 90% and 48 hours in 99%

Question 23

what are abdominal masses in the new born most likely due to?

Answer 23

hydronephrosis, but can also be caused by many other things

Question 24

hydrometrocolpos

Answer 24

caused by imperforate hymen with retention of vaginal secretions;

Question 25

is hypospaldias associated with other urinary malformations?

Answer 25

nope

Question 26

epispadias

Answer 26

urethral meatus on the dorsal surface of the penis; IS associated with bladder extrophy (protrusion from the abdominal wall)

Question 27

in most males with cryptochordism, when do testes descend by?

Answer 27

12 months; if not by 12 months, then predisposed to malignancy

Question 28

what three things shout be on differential for absence or hypoplasia of the radius

Answer 28

TAR syndrome (thrombocytopenia absent radii), Fanconi anemia, Holt-Oram syndrome

Question 29

Fanconi anemia

Answer 29

different from fanconi syndrome; fanc anemia is bone marrow failure

Question 30

holt-oram syndrome

Answer 30

skeletal abnormalities of the upper limbs and heart problems

Question 31

Edema of the feet and hypoplastic nails

Answer 31

Turners syndrome or Noonan syndrome

Question 32

rocker bottom feet

Answer 32

trisomy 18

Question 33

myelomeningocele

Answer 33

protrusion of the cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral canal

Question 34

post-term delivery

Answer 34

42 weeks or more

Question 35

SGA

Answer 35

below 5th percentile

Question 36

LGA

Answer 36

greater than 90th percentile

Question 37

common causes of LGA

Answer 37

prader-willi, nesidioblastosis (diffuse prolif of pancreatic islet cells), beckwith-weidemann syndrome

Question 38

nesidioblastosis

Answer 38

prolif of pancreatic islet cells; can cause hypoglycemia

Question 39

common complications of LGA infants

Answer 39

hypoglycemia and polycythemia

Question 40

the 5 Ts of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 40

tetralogy of fallot; transposition of the great vessels; truncus arteriosus; tricuspid atresia; total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 41

cyanosis in the neonate

Answer 41

always is a medical emergency!

Question 42

100% oxygen test

Answer 42

ABG performed after giving the baby 100% ox; differentiates between lung and heart causes of cyanosis

Question 43

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 43

VSD, pulm stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta

Question 44

truncus arteriosis

Answer 44

doesn’t divide into the pulm artery and aorta

Question 45

ox test in tetrology of fallot

Answer 45

administration of 100% ox increases paO2 only slightly (less than 10-1 mm Hg)

Question 46

ox test for truncus arteriosis

Answer 46

Pa)2 increases more than 10-15 mm Hg when the baby is given 100% o2

Question 47

ox test in infants with lung disease

Answer 47

giving 100% o2 will increase paO2 considerably;EXCEPT if baby has such severe pulm hyertension that there is a large R to L shunt through a PFO or PDA

Question 48

Resp distress syndrome (RDS) caused by what?

Answer 48

lack of surfactant, usually seen in preterm infants

Question 49

incidence of RDS higher in what race and what gender?

Answer 49

white babies and males

Question 50

how to diagnose RDS?

Answer 50

CXR, diffuse atelectasis, ground glass appearance, air bronchograms