peds2 Flashcards
epstein peaels
small white epidermoid-mucoid cysts found on the hard palate; usually disappear within a few weeks
edema and webbing of the neck suggests what
turners syndrome
branchial cleft cyst
cyst on the lateral neck
cystic hygromas
really big cyst on the neck
cysts of the thyroglossal duct may cause what
midline clefts or masses
neonatal torticollis
asymmetric shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
neonatal torticollis can be caused by what?
the baby being in a fixed position in utero or from a post-natal hematoma resulting from birth injury
pectus carinatum
prominent and bulging sternum
pectus excavatum
depresssed sternum
Poland syndrome
chest assym as a result of underdevelopment or absence of chest muscle (pectoralis)
def of tachypnea
RR greater than 60/min
what can you expect in preterm infant breathign
short apneic bursts that last 5-10 secs; no clinical significance
what should you consider with diminished femoral pulses
coarctation of the aorta
what should you consider with increased femoral pulses?
PDA
urachus
fibrous remnant of the canal that drains the urinary bladder that runs in the umbilical cord
diastasis recti
rectal abdominal muscles are separated into right and left halves; no treatment necessary; it will go away on its own as the abdominus rectus grows
umbilical hernia
caused by incomplete closure of the umbilical ring; more common in african american children; most close spontaneously and require no treatment;
when do you do surgery on an umbilical hernia
those that persist past 4-5 years and those that cause symptoms
perisistent urachus
complete failure of the urachal duct to close; may present with urine draining from the umbilicus because there is a fistula between the bladder and the umbilicus
meconium
obstruction of the left colon and rectum by dense dehydrated meconium
meconium ileus
occlusion of the ileus bymeconium due to lack of pancreatic enzymes
when is meconium usually passed by infants?
within 24 hours in 90% and 48 hours in 99%
what are abdominal masses in the new born most likely due to?
hydronephrosis, but can also be caused by many other things
hydrometrocolpos
caused by imperforate hymen with retention of vaginal secretions;
is hypospaldias associated with other urinary malformations?
nope
epispadias
urethral meatus on the dorsal surface of the penis; IS associated with bladder extrophy (protrusion from the abdominal wall)
in most males with cryptochordism, when do testes descend by?
12 months; if not by 12 months, then predisposed to malignancy
what three things shout be on differential for absence or hypoplasia of the radius
TAR syndrome (thrombocytopenia absent radii), Fanconi anemia, Holt-Oram syndrome
Fanconi anemia
different from fanconi syndrome; fanc anemia is bone marrow failure
holt-oram syndrome
skeletal abnormalities of the upper limbs and heart problems
Edema of the feet and hypoplastic nails
Turners syndrome or Noonan syndrome
rocker bottom feet
trisomy 18
myelomeningocele
protrusion of the cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral canal
post-term delivery
42 weeks or more
SGA
below 5th percentile
LGA
greater than 90th percentile
common causes of LGA
prader-willi, nesidioblastosis (diffuse prolif of pancreatic islet cells), beckwith-weidemann syndrome
nesidioblastosis
prolif of pancreatic islet cells; can cause hypoglycemia
common complications of LGA infants
hypoglycemia and polycythemia
the 5 Ts of cyanotic congenital heart disease
tetralogy of fallot; transposition of the great vessels; truncus arteriosus; tricuspid atresia; total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
cyanosis in the neonate
always is a medical emergency!
100% oxygen test
ABG performed after giving the baby 100% ox; differentiates between lung and heart causes of cyanosis
tetralogy of fallot
VSD, pulm stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta
truncus arteriosis
doesn’t divide into the pulm artery and aorta
ox test in tetrology of fallot
administration of 100% ox increases paO2 only slightly (less than 10-1 mm Hg)
ox test for truncus arteriosis
Pa)2 increases more than 10-15 mm Hg when the baby is given 100% o2
ox test in infants with lung disease
giving 100% o2 will increase paO2 considerably;EXCEPT if baby has such severe pulm hyertension that there is a large R to L shunt through a PFO or PDA
Resp distress syndrome (RDS) caused by what?
lack of surfactant, usually seen in preterm infants
incidence of RDS higher in what race and what gender?
white babies and males
how to diagnose RDS?
CXR, diffuse atelectasis, ground glass appearance, air bronchograms
