peds100

Question 1

most common cause of bloody diarrhea in the US

Answer 1

campylobacter jejuni

Question 2

what bacteria may cause mesenteric adenitis along w the gastroenteritis that may mimic acute appendicits

Answer 2

yersinia

Question 3

endoscopy of a patient with diarrhea demonstrates pseudomembranes

Answer 3

c diff

Question 4

antibiotics for ETEC

Answer 4

quinolones or sulfonimides

Question 5

antibiotics for EPEC

Answer 5

oral sulfonamides or quinolones

Question 6

shigella antibiotic

Answer 6

third gen ceph or fluoroquinolones

Question 7

treatment for salmonella

Answer 7

not indic for uncomplicated gastroenteritis; treatment for invasive diseaes is third gen cef

Question 8

treatment for campylobacter

Answer 8

oral erythromycin, but sx commonly resolve without treatment

Question 9

treatment for yersinia

Answer 9

third gen ceph

Question 10

treatment for c diff

Answer 10

oral or IV metronidazole; oral vanc is reserved for resistant cases

Question 11

bacterial cause of watery diarrhea with massive water loss

Answer 11

vibrio cholerae

Question 12

treatment for cholera?

Answer 12

abx not needed; replace fluid loss

Question 13

classic electrolyte finding in diarrhea

Answer 13

non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 14

how do you get met acidosis in diarrhea?

Answer 14

bicarb loss in the stool

Question 15

most common cause of pediatric HIV

Answer 15

perinatal transmission accounts for 95%

Question 16

most infants born with HIV are asymptomatic for how long?

Answer 16

first year of life

Question 17

why would infants not be symptomatic initialy?

Answer 17

all babies have transplacentally acquired antibody that may persist for 18-24 mos

Question 18

diagnosis of baby of an hiv pos mom

Answer 18

HIV-spec DNA pcr is performed at birht and monthly until 4 mos of age; if neg at 4 mos, baby is considered not infected but still followed until lose maternal antibody

Question 19

management of babies born to HIV infected moms

Answer 19

ZDV for 6 weeks; bactrim for PCP prophylaxis until HIV DNA pcr is neg at 4 mos; no breastfeeding; urine CMV culture to detect coinfection with CMV

Question 20

immunizations in kids with HIV

Answer 20

they should receive all the vaccines except live varicella; MMR is okay for all except most sick; annual optho exam; regular monitoring of T cell subsets and HIV RNA PCR to detect viral load

Question 21

why yearly optho exams in HIV infected kids?

Answer 21

to assess for CMV retinitis

Question 22

clinical features of PCP infection

Answer 22

fever, hypoxia, and interstitial infiltrates

Question 23

prophylaxis against PCP with what?

Answer 23

oral TMP/SMX

Question 24

treatment for PCP infectio

Answer 24

TMP/SMX, pentamide, or atovaquone

Question 25

risk for MAC is highest when CD4 count falls below what

Answer 25

50 cells

Question 26

characteristics of MAC infecton

Answer 26

fever, weight loss, night sweats, abdom pain, bone marrow suppression, and elevated liver enzymes

Question 27

HIV puts you at risk for what malignancy?

Answer 27

lymphoma, esp B cell caused by EBV

Question 28

primary cause of mono

Answer 28

EBV, but also toxo, CMV, and HIV

Question 29

how is EBV transmitted

Answer 29

saliva