Parvoviridae - Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) Flashcards
What are the manifestations of the disease described by?
SMEDI Stillbirth Mummification Embryonic Death Infertility
How is PPV transmitted?
Oronasal in the non-immune sow followed by transplacental transmission.
Venereal transmission
How long does it take the virus to reach the fetus in the nonimmune sow?
15 days
What is a typical sign of transplacental infection?
Death at different stages of pregnancy because each fetus has a separate placenta. The virus spreads through the uterus to infect all remaining fetuses.
Where is the primary site of virus replication?
Mitotically active cells in fetal tissues
However, excessive endothelial cell damage may be reflected in damage to many organs.
What is the hallmark of PPV?
Increase in mummified fetuses after a normal gestation period.
Abortions are uncommon.
What are the results of early, mid, and late fetal infections?
< 30 days: Dies and resorbed.
30-70 days: Died and mummified
>70 days: Usually survive
What are the clinical signs of PPV in adults?
Inapparent or subclinical
What does it mean if a pig is immunotolerant to PPV?
They can shed the virus continuously or intermittently.
What are less common clinical symptoms of PPV?
Respiratory Tract Infections
Vesicular Disease
Systemic Neonatal Disease
Is serology useful in detection of PPV?
No because the virus is so widespread in swine and vaccination interferes
How is PPV diagnosed?
FA staining of frozen sections of fetal tissues
PCR for nucleic acid in fetus
ELISA
How long is passively acquired maternal antibody good for?
6 months
Unlike most parvoviruses, what does PPV not cause?
Persistent infection with petrological shedding of the virus
What is the best method of vaccination?
Vaccinate all susceptible breeding stock twice, 2 weeks apart, several weeks before breeding
