Herpesviridae - Alphaherpesvirinae - Gallid Herpesvirus 1 Flashcards
What is the common name of GHV-1?
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Who are the hosts of ILT?
Chickens aged 4-18 months
Can also affect peasants, partridges, and peafowl
Where is ILT located?
Worldwide
How is ILT transmitted?
Mostly by inhalation
Also fomites or farm workers
Mechanical transmission through scavengers that feed on improperly disposed dead birds
Where is the target for ILT latency?
Trigeminal ganglion
What are the pathogenic characteristics of ILT?
Severe laryngotracheitis characterized by necrosis, hemorrhage, ulceration, and formation of diphtheric membranes.
The diptheric membrane can block the air passage and lead to asphyxia.
What are the clinical signs of ILT?
Mild coughing and sneezing at day 6-12 followed by nasal and ocular discharge, dyspnea, loud gasping, coughing, depression
What are the clinical signs of the severe form of ILT?
Head shaking with coughing to indicate severe respiratory disease "Pump Handle" respiraton Expulsion of bloody mucous Morbidity - 100% Mortality- 50-70%
What are the clinician signs of low virulence ILT?
Conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, swollen infraorbital and nasal sinuses, decrease in egg production
Is the mild enzootic or severe epizootic form more common in poultry production?
Mild enzootic
How is ILT diagnosed?
History & Clinical Signs
Necropsy: Tracheal plug (diphtheric membrane)
Virus groes well in CAM of embryonate eggs
Serology -FAT
PCR
How is ILT controlled?
Cull entire population
Disinfect premises
What are the types of vaccinations?
Chick Embryo Origin (CEO)
Tissue Culture Origin (TCO)
Pox Vector Recombinant
Applied via eye drop or by mass vaccination of water or spray
What are the characteristics of the CEO vaccination?
Capability of reverting to virulence to cause ILT signs. However, it has better immunity.
What are the characteristics of the TCO vaccination?
Does not revert to virulence but immunity is limited.
