Herpesviridae - Alphaherpesvirinae - Bovine Herpesvirus 1

Question 1

How many serotypes are there of BHV-1?

Answer 1

One

Question 2

What are the subtypes of BHV-1?

Answer 2

1. 1 - Respiratory
2. 2 - Genital
3. 3 - Encephalitic (now renamed BHV-5)

Question 3

Where is BHV-1 located?

Answer 3

Worldwide

Question 4

How is BHV-1 transmitted?

Answer 4

Droplet transmission

Artificial Insemination/Coitus

Question 5

What are some characteristics of the pathogenesis of BHV-1?

Answer 5

Life-long latent infection with periodic virus shedding
All seropositive animals are considered as potential carriers
Viruses are reactivated from latency by corticosteroids or stress

Question 6

Where are the sites of latency for BHV-1?

Answer 6

Trigeminal nerve - Respiratory

Sciatic nerve - Genital

Question 7

What types of cows are morbidity and mortality higher in?

Answer 7

Feedlot cattle rather than dairy

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of the respiratory form of BHV-1?

Answer 8

“Red nose” due to hyperemia of nares.
Profuse and mucopurulent discharge
Hemorrhage and congestion of the muzzle
Erosions in the buccal mucosa and gums

Question 9

What are the other names of the respiratory form?

Answer 9

Red Nose
Necrotic Rhinitis
Dust Pneumonia

Question 10

What are two complications that may occur?

Answer 10

1. Mannheimia hemolytica

2. Pasteurella multocida (shipping fever)

Question 11

When with death occur with the respiratory form of BHV-1?

Answer 11

As a results of bronchopneumonia

Question 12

What is a condition that occurs in conjunction with “red eye”?

Answer 12

Conjunctivitis where conjunctiva is red, inflamed, and edematous with profuse ocular discharge that may be unilateral or bilateral.

Question 13

How do you prevent misdiagnosing conjunctivitis from BHV-1 from “pink eye”?

Answer 13

IBR lesions are confined to the conjunctiva and no lesions on the cornea except diffuse edema.

Question 14

What is a common sequel to natural infection with BHV-1?

Answer 14

Abortion especially in the second half of gestation preceded by pustular vulvovaginitis.

Question 15

What is a characteristic of the aborted fetuses?

Answer 15

Diffuse hemorrhage

Question 16

How are newborn calves infected with BHV-1?

Answer 16

In-utero or right after birth.

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of BHV-1 in calves?

Answer 17

Severe in calves less than 10 days, often fatal.
Generalized systemic disease with pyrexia, diarrhea, respiratory distress, ocular discharge, incoordination, convulsions, death
Small ulcers lining the fore stomachs and peritonitis

Question 18

How many days after coitus will you notice infectious pustular vaginitis?

Answer 18

1-3 days

Question 19

What are some clinical signs of IPV?

Answer 19

Frequent urination
Tail held in elevated position
Excessive tail switching
Red, swollen vaginal mucosa
Mild vaginal discharge
Swollen vulva with red spots and pustules

Question 20

What is balanoposthitis?

Answer 20

Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce

Question 21

How is BHV-1 controlled?

Answer 21

Modified live, subunit, and inactivated vaccines

Question 22

What type of BHV-1 vaccine should you use in pregnant cows?

Answer 22

Intranasal vacine.

Do not use parenteral– can cause abortion.