Herpesviridae - Alphaherpesvirinae - Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Flashcards
How many serotypes are there of BHV-1?
One
What are the subtypes of BHV-1?
- 1 - Respiratory
- 2 - Genital
- 3 - Encephalitic (now renamed BHV-5)
Where is BHV-1 located?
Worldwide
How is BHV-1 transmitted?
Droplet transmission
Artificial Insemination/Coitus
What are some characteristics of the pathogenesis of BHV-1?
Life-long latent infection with periodic virus shedding
All seropositive animals are considered as potential carriers
Viruses are reactivated from latency by corticosteroids or stress
Where are the sites of latency for BHV-1?
Trigeminal nerve - Respiratory
Sciatic nerve - Genital
What types of cows are morbidity and mortality higher in?
Feedlot cattle rather than dairy
What are the clinical signs of the respiratory form of BHV-1?
“Red nose” due to hyperemia of nares.
Profuse and mucopurulent discharge
Hemorrhage and congestion of the muzzle
Erosions in the buccal mucosa and gums
What are the other names of the respiratory form?
Red Nose
Necrotic Rhinitis
Dust Pneumonia
What are two complications that may occur?
- Mannheimia hemolytica
2. Pasteurella multocida (shipping fever)
When with death occur with the respiratory form of BHV-1?
As a results of bronchopneumonia
What is a condition that occurs in conjunction with “red eye”?
Conjunctivitis where conjunctiva is red, inflamed, and edematous with profuse ocular discharge that may be unilateral or bilateral.
How do you prevent misdiagnosing conjunctivitis from BHV-1 from “pink eye”?
IBR lesions are confined to the conjunctiva and no lesions on the cornea except diffuse edema.
What is a common sequel to natural infection with BHV-1?
Abortion especially in the second half of gestation preceded by pustular vulvovaginitis.
What is a characteristic of the aborted fetuses?
Diffuse hemorrhage
How are newborn calves infected with BHV-1?
In-utero or right after birth.
What are the clinical signs of BHV-1 in calves?
Severe in calves less than 10 days, often fatal.
Generalized systemic disease with pyrexia, diarrhea, respiratory distress, ocular discharge, incoordination, convulsions, death
Small ulcers lining the fore stomachs and peritonitis
How many days after coitus will you notice infectious pustular vaginitis?
1-3 days
What are some clinical signs of IPV?
Frequent urination Tail held in elevated position Excessive tail switching Red, swollen vaginal mucosa Mild vaginal discharge Swollen vulva with red spots and pustules
What is balanoposthitis?
Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce
How is BHV-1 controlled?
Modified live, subunit, and inactivated vaccines
What type of BHV-1 vaccine should you use in pregnant cows?
Intranasal vacine.
Do not use parenteral– can cause abortion.
