Herpesviridae - Alphaherpesvirinae - Canine Herpesvirus 1

Question 1

What is the common name of CHV-1?

Answer 1

Hemorrhagic Disease of Puppies

Fading Puppy Syndrome

Question 2

What is the host of CHV-1?

Answer 2

Puppies of domestic and wild candiae.

Question 3

How is CHV-1 transmitted to neonates?

Answer 3

Contact with infected oral, nasal, or vaginal secretions of mother.
In-utero
Passage through birth canal

Question 4

How is CHV-1 transmitted to older dogs?

Answer 4

Venereal transmission

Contact with saliva, nasal discharge, or urine of infected canines.

Question 5

What are the outcomes of an in-utero infection of CHV-1?

Answer 5

Abortion
Stillbirth
Infertility

If puppy survives in-utero infection, a systemic infection occurs within 9 days of birth.

Question 6

What age of puppies are most susceptible to fatal generalized infection?

Answer 6

Pups less than 1 week old

Question 7

Where does initial replication of CHV-1 occur?

Answer 7

Endothelial cells of…

Nasal epithelium
Tonsils
Pharynx

Question 8

What are clinical signs of CHV-1 systemic infection?

Answer 8

Diffuse necrotizing vasculitis, multiple hemorrhagic necrosis in several organs, thrombocytopenia, DIC

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of CHV-1 CNS infection?

Answer 9

Meningoencephalitis commonly occurs in pro-nasally infected neonatal puppies
Most puppies die from systemic illness before neurologic signs are evident

Question 10

What temperature does CHV-1 replicate optimally?

Answer 10

33C – the temperature of the outer genital and upper respiratory tracts.

Question 11

What does temperature have to do with puppies and CHV-1 infection?

Answer 11

The puppy is dependent on maternal contact for the maintenance of its normal body temperature as it’s hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers are not operative until 2-3 weeks of age.
The colder the pup, the more severe and rapid the course of the disease.

Question 12

How do maternal antibodies play a part in CHV-1?

Answer 12

They provide protection.

Thus, seronegative puppies are highly vulnerable to severe forms of the disease.

Question 13

What are the clinical signs in puppies?

Answer 13

Painful crying
Abdominal pain
Anorexia
Dyspnea
Soft, odorless, green stool
No elevation in body temperature

Question 14

What are clinical signs in puppies that survive systemic disease?

Answer 14

Blindness

Ataxia

Question 15

What are clinical symptoms of adult female dog infection?

Answer 15

Asymptomatic or vaginal hyperemia

Vesicular vaginitis

Question 16

What are the clinical symptoms of adult female pregnant dogs?

Answer 16

Abortion
Stillborn
Mummified fetus
Infertility

Question 17

What are the clinical symptoms of adult male dogs?

Answer 17

Balanoposthitis

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of the respiratory form?

Answer 18

Rhinitis

Pharyngitis

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of the ocular form?

Answer 19

Conjunctivitis

Question 20

How is CHV-1 diagnosed?

Answer 20

Focal areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in multiple organs.
Intranuclear inclusion bodies.
Isolate virus
Nucleic acid detection.
Serology with FAT

Question 21

How can CHV-1 be controlled?

Answer 21

Prevent hypothermia by providing heated whelping boxes

Isolation of infected bitch and her litter